Large Western corporations have long invested overseas to penetrate markets, seek resources, and increase efficiency. After the explosion of inward FDI to the South in the 1990s, it is now the turn of the largest companies from emerging and transition economies, including the so-called BRICs, to intensify their outward FDI through mergers and acquisitions as well as greenfield investments. The contours of this emerging phenomenon are described in this paper, with a focus on the quantification of the weight of South-South FDI flows and their developmental consequences. Les grandes sociétés des pays de l’OCDE ont longtemps investi à l’étranger pour pénétrer les marchés, s’approvisionner des ressources, et augmenter leur efficacité. Après l'explosion des investissements directs étrangers (IDE) vers les pays du Sud dans les années 90, c'est maintenant au tour des plus grandes compagnies des économies d'émergence et de transition, y compris celles des pays dits BRIC, d'intensifier leurs IDE extérieurs à travers les fusions et acquisitions, aussi bien que par des investissements greenfield. Cet article analyse ce phénomène naissant, avec une focalisation sur la quantification du poids des flux d’IDE Sud-Sud et sur leurs conséquences en matière de développement.
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