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Does Money Matter? The Effect of Private Educational Expenditures on Academic Performance

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Author Info
Changhui Kang () (Department of Economics, National University of Singapore)

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Abstract

The causal relationship between educational investments and student outcomes continues to attract attention. The majority of studies have examined the effectiveness of public school expenditures on student outcomes. This paper attempts to shed light on the impacts of educational inputs by examining a private educational investment-private tutoring that is widely employed by South Korean parents as a supplement to public school education. To deal with the endogeneity of private tutoring expenditures, the paper relies on instrumental variables (IV) methods, exploiting a student's birth order as a source of identification. Based on the IV methods, the paper shows that a 10 percent increase in expenditure leads to a 0.56 percentile point improvement in test score. Such an estimated effect is modest and comparable to the effect of public school expenditures on earnings estimated by previous studies.

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Paper provided by National University of Singapore, Department of Economics in its series Departmental Working Papers with number wp0704.

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Length: 43 pages
Date of creation: 2007
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Handle: RePEc:nus:nusewp:wp0704

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Related research
Keywords: Education Private Tutoring Test Scores Birth Order South Korea

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
I20 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education - - - General
C30 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - General

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  3. Caroline Hoxby, 2000. "Peer Effects in the Classroom: Learning from Gender and Race Variation," NBER Working Papers 7867, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Caroline M. Hoxby, 2001. "All School Finance Equalizations Are Not Created Equal," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 116(4), pages 1189-1231, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Raquel Fernandez & Richard Rogerson, 2003. "Equity and Resources: An Analysis of Education Finance Systems," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 111(4), pages 858-897, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  6. Yohanes E. Riyanto & Linda A. Toolsema, 2007. "Corporate Social Responsibility in a Corporate Governance Framework," Departmental Working Papers wp0702, National University of Singapore, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  7. Zimmerman, David J, 1992. "Regression toward Mediocrity in Economic Stature," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 82(3), pages 409-29, June.
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  10. Thomas J. Nechyba, 2000. "Mobility, Targeting, and Private-School Vouchers," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 90(1), pages 130-146, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Weili Ding & Steven F Lehrer, 2007. "Do Peers Affect Student Achievement in China's Secondary Schools?," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 89(2), pages 300-312, 02. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  12. Edward P. Lazear, 2001. "Educational Production," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 116(3), pages 777-803, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  13. repec:fth:prinin:366 is not listed on IDEAS
  14. Jacob M. Markman & Eric A. Hanushek & John F. Kain & Steven G. Rivkin, 2003. "Does peer ability affect student achievement?," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 18(5), pages 527-544. [Downloadable!]
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  15. Epple, Dennis & Romano, Richard E, 1998. "Competition between Private and Public Schools, Vouchers, and Peer-Group Effects," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 88(1), pages 33-62, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Eric A. Hanushek & Ludger Wössmann, 2006. "Does Educational Tracking Affect Performance and Inequality? Differences- in-Differences Evidence Across Countries," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 116(510), pages C63-C76, 03. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  17. Dennis Epple & Elizabeth Newlon & Richard Romano, 2000. "Ability Tracking, School Competition, and the Distribution of Educational Benefits," NBER Working Papers 7854, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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