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Foreign Aid, Investment and Economic Growth in Kenya: a Time Series Approach

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Author Info
Daniel M'Amanja,
Oliver Morrissey
Abstract

Most of the literature on determinants of economic growth in developing countries is basedon cross-country analysis and thus only yields some patterns that hold on average. The aim of this paper is to identify aspects of the determinants of growth in Kenya, in particular if aid played a role. The empirical specifications used in cross-country work do not translate easily into country studies: many of the variables are not available annually or tend to change very slowly over time, and it is not feasible to include all potential determinants. Thus, we focus on one element of growth and use a multivariate approach on time series data for Kenya over the period 1964 – 2002 to investigate the growth effects of foreign aid, investment and a measure of international trade. Our econometric results reveal two long run relations representing the reduced form growth equation and the behavioural function of private investment. We find that shares of private and public investment, and imports in GDP have strong beneficial effects on per capita income in Kenya. However, aid in the form of net external loans is found to have a significant negative impact on long run growth. Private investment relates to government investment and imports negatively, but positively to foreign aid. The implication for policy is that in order for Kenya to foster and sustain growth, closer attention should be given to factors that promote private investment.

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Paper provided by University of Nottingham, CREDIT in its series Discussion Papers with number 06/05.

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  2. Mosley, Paul & Hudson, John & Horrell, Sara, 1987. "Aid, the Public Sector and the Market in Less Developed Countries," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 97(387), pages 616-41, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Elsa V. Artadi & Xavier Sala-i-Martín, 2003. "The Economic Tragedy of the XXth Century: Growth in Africa," Economics Working Papers 684, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra. [Downloadable!]
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  4. Johansen, Soren & Juselius, Katarina, 1990. "Maximum Likelihood Estimation and Inference on Cointegration--With Applications to the Demand for Money," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 52(2), pages 169-210, May.
  5. Kenny, Charles & Williams, David, 2001. "What Do We Know About Economic Growth? Or, Why Don't We Know Very Much?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 1-22, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Dani Rodrik, 2003. "Growth Strategies," NBER Working Papers 10050, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. Harrison, Ann, 1996. "Openness and growth: A time-series, cross-country analysis for developing countries," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(2), pages 419-447, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Xavier Sala-I-Martin & Gernot Doppelhofer & Ronald I. Miller, 2004. "Determinants of Long-Term Growth: A Bayesian Averaging of Classical Estimates (BACE) Approach," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 94(4), pages 813-835, September. [Downloadable!]
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  9. Bacha, Edmar L., 1990. "A three-gap model of foreign transfers and the GDP growth rate in developing countries," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 279-296, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Hansen, Henrik & Tarp, Finn, 2001. "Aid and growth regressions," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 64(2), pages 547-570, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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