The influence of social forces: evidence from the behavior of football referees
Abstract
"Analyzing the neutrality of referees during 12 German premier league (1. Bundesliga) soccer seasons, this paper documents evidence that social forces influence agents' decisions. Referees, who are appointed to be impartial, tend to favor the home team by systematically awarding more stoppage time in close matches in which the home team is behind. They also favor the home team in decisions to award goals and penalty kicks. Crowd composition affects the size and the direction of the bias, and the crowd's proximity to the field is related to the quality of refereeing. "("JEL "J00) Copyright (c) 2008 Western Economic Association International.(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
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Paper provided by Maastricht University in its series Open Access publications from Maastricht University with number urn:nbn:nl:ui:27-19043.Length:
Date of creation: 2008
Date of revision:
Publication status: Published in Economic Inquiry (2008) v.46, p.411-424
Handle: RePEc:ner:maastr:urn:nbn:nl:ui:27-19043
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Web page: http://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/web/Home.htm
Related research
Keywords:Other versions of this item:
- Thomas J. Dohmen, 2008. "The Influence Of Social Forces: Evidence From The Behavior Of Football Referees," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 46(3), pages 411-424, 07.
- J00 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - General
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Citations
Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.Cited by:
- Peter Dawson & Stephen Dobson, 2008.
"The Influence of Social Pressure and Nationality on Individual Decisions: Evidence from the Behaviour of Referees,"
Working Papers
0809, International Association of Sports Economists & North American Association of Sports Economists.
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- Peter Dawson & Stephen Dobson, 2009. "The Influence of Social Pressure and Nationality on Individual Decisions: Evidence from the Behaviour of Referees," NCER Working Paper Series 46, National Centre for Econometric Research.
- Peter Dawson & Stephen Dobson, 2008. "The influence of social pressure and nationality on individual decisions: evidence from the behaviour of referees," Working Papers 2008/14, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham Business School, Economics Division.
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"Behavior under Social Pressure: Empty Italian Stadiums and Referee Bias,"
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"Do Salaries Improve Worker Performance?,"
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- Andrés Picazo-Tadeo & Francisco Gónzalez-Gómez & Jorge Guardiola Wanden-Berghe, 2011. "Referee home bias due to social pressure. Evidence from Spanish football," Working Papers 1119, Department of Applied Economics II, Universidad de Valencia.
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