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A Century of Global Stock Markets

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Author Info
Philippe Jorion
William N. Goetzmann

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Abstract

The expected return on equity capital is possibly the most important driving factor in asset allocation decisions. Yet, the long-term estimates we typically use are derived from U.S. data only. There are reasons to suspects, however, that these estimates of return on capital are subject to survivorship, as the United States is arguably the most successful capitalist system in the world; most other countries have been plagued by political upheaval, war, and financial crises. The purpose of this paper is to provide estimates of return on capital from long-term histories for world equity markets. By putting together a variety of sources, we collected a database of capital appreciation indexes for 39 markets with histories going back as back as the 1920s. Our results are striking. We find that the United States has the highest uninterrupted real rate of appreciation of all countries, at 4.3 percent annually from 1921 to 1996. For other countries, the median real appreciation rate was 0.8 percent. The high return premium obtained for U.S. equities therefore appears to be the exception rather than the rule.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 7565.

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Date of creation: Feb 2000
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:7565

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  1. Rietz, Thomas A., 1988. "The equity risk premium a solution," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(1), pages 117-131, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Epstein, Larry G & Zin, Stanley E, 1991. "Substitution, Risk Aversion, and the Temporal Behavior of Consumption and Asset Returns: An Empirical Analysis," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 99(2), pages 263-86, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Philippe Jorion & William N. Goetzmann, 1998. "Re-Emerging Markets," Yale School of Management Working Papers ysm111, Yale School of Management. [Downloadable!]
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  4. Jobson, J D & Korkie, Bob M, 1981. "Performance Hypothesis Testing with the Sharpe and Treynor Measures," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 36(4), pages 889-908, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Goetzmann, William N & Jorion, Philippe, 1995. "A Longer Look at Dividend Yields," Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 68(4), pages 483-508, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  6. Mehra, Rajnish & Prescott, Edward C., 1985. "The equity premium: A puzzle," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 145-161, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Bansal, Ravi & Coleman, Wilbur John, II, 1996. "A Monetary Explanation of the Equity Premium, Term Premium, and Risk-Free Rate Puzzles," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 104(6), pages 1135-71, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Goetzmann, William Nelson, 1993. "Patterns in Three Centuries of Stock Market Prices," Journal of Business, University of Chicago Press, vol. 66(2), pages 249-70, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Bodnar, Gordon & Dumas, Bernard & Marston, Richard, 2003. "Cross-Border Valuation: The International Cost of Equity Capital," Working Papers 03-3, University of Pennsylvania, Wharton School, Weiss Center. [Downloadable!]
  2. Fabio Panetta & Roberto Violi, 1999. "Is there an Equity Premium Puzzle in Italy? A Look at Asset Returns, Consumption and Financial Structure Data over the Last Century," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 353, Bank of Italy, Economic Research Department. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Costa, Jose Carlos & Mata, Maria Eugenia & Justino, David, 2009. "Portuguese Average Cost Of Capital," FEUNL Working Paper Series wp543, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Economia. [Downloadable!]
  4. Danthine, Jean-Pierre & Donaldson, John B & Siconolfi, Paolo, 2005. "Distribution Risk and Equity Returns," CEPR Discussion Papers 5425, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  5. Alier, Max & Vittas, Dimitri, 2000. "Personal pension plans and stock market volatility," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2463, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  6. William N. Goetzmann & Philippe Jorion, 1997. "Re-emerging Markets," NBER Working Papers 5906, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
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