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The Illusion of Failure: Trends in the Self-Reported Health of the U.S. Elderly

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Author Info
Timothy Waidmann
John Bound
Michael Schoenbaum

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Abstract

Data from the National Health Interview Survey and elsewhere showed a trend toward worsening self-reported health among American men and women in middle age and older during the 1970s. This evidence - combined with the significant declines in age-specific mortality observed since the 1960s - led some researchers to suggest that, on average, the health of the older population is declining. We examine recent trends in self-reported health and find that the health declines observed during the 1970s generally reversed during the 1980s. This shift would appear to belie the notion that lower adult mortality necessarily implies worse health. We argue further that the reversals observed during the 1980s also call into question whether trends in self-reported health during the 1970s reflected actual health declines. We suggest that changes in the social and economic forces influencing the options available for responding to health problems, combined with earlier diagnosis of pre-existing conditions, provide a more plausible explanation for these trends - an explanation that is consistent with data from both the 1970s and 1980s.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 5017.

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Date of creation: Feb 1995
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:5017

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I1 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health

References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Bound, John & Waidmann, Timothy, 1992. "Disability Transfers, Self-Reported Health, and the Labor Force Attachment of Older Men: Evidence from the Historical Record," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 107(4), pages 1393-419, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. John Bound & Julie Berry Cullen & Austin Nichols & Lucie Schmidt, 2002. "The Welfare Implications of Increasing DI Benefit Generosity," Working Papers wp024, University of Michigan, Michigan Retirement Research Center. [Downloadable!]
  2. Richard V. Burkhauser & Mary C. Daly & Andrew J. Houtenville & Nigar Nargis, 2001. "The employment of working-age people with disabilities in the 1980s and 1990s: what current data can and cannot tell us," Working Papers in Applied Economic Theory 2001-20, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. [Downloadable!]
  3. Richard V. Burkhauser & Mathis Schröder, 2004. "A Cross-National Comparison of the Employment for Men With Disabilities: The United States and Germany in the 1980s and 1990s”," Working Papers wp071, University of Michigan, Michigan Retirement Research Center. [Downloadable!]
  4. Sergi Jiménez-Martín & José M. Labeaga & Cristina Vilaplana, 2006. "Award Errors and Permanent Disability Benefits in Spain," Working Papers 2006-18, FEDEA. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  5. Darius Lakdawalla & Dana Goldman & Jay Bhattacharya, 2001. "Are the Young Becoming More Disabled?," NBER Working Papers 8247, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Jennifer M. Mellor & Jeffrey Milyo, 2003. "State Social Capital and Individual Health Status," Working Papers 0310, Harris School of Public Policy Studies, University of Chicago. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  7. Sven Wilson & Joseph Burton & Benjamin Howell, 2005. "Work and the Disability Transition in 20th Century America," NBER Working Papers 11036, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. repec:bep:eapcon:v:5:y:2006:i:1:p:1536-1536 is not listed on IDEAS
  9. Dora L. Costa, 1998. "Understanding the Twentieth Century Decline in Chronic Conditions Among Older Men," NBER Working Papers 6859, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Hugo Benitez-Silva & Moshe Buchinsky & Hiu-Man Chan & John Rust & Sofia Sheivasser, 1997. "An Empirical Analysis of the Social Security Disability Application, Appeal, and Award Process," Public Economics 9712001, EconWPA, revised 16 Feb 1998. [Downloadable!]
  11. Robert W. Fogel, 2003. "Changes in the Process of Aging During the Twentieth Century: Findings and Procedures of the Early Indicators Project," NBER Working Papers 9941, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. John Bound & Todd Stinebrickner & Timothy Waidman, 2004. "Using a Structural Retirement Model to Simulate the Effect of Changes to the OASDI and Medicare Programs," Working Papers wp091, University of Michigan, Michigan Retirement Research Center. [Downloadable!]
  13. John Bound & Michael Schoenbaum & Timothy Waidmann, 1995. "Race and Education Differences in Disability Status and Labor Force Attachment," NBER Working Papers 5159, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Alicia H. Munnell & Steven A. Sass, 2007. "The Labor Supply of Older Americans," Working Papers, Center for Retirement Research at Boston College wp2007-12, Center for Retirement Research, revised Jun 2007. [Downloadable!]
  15. John Bound & Michael Schoenbaum & Todd R. Stinebrickner & Timothy Waidmann, 1998. "The Dynamic Effects of Health on the Labor Force Transitions of Older Workers," NBER Working Papers 6777, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  16. Robert F. Schoeni & Vicki A. Freedman & Robert B. Wallace, 2000. "Persistent, Consistent, and Widespread?: Another Look at Recent Trends in Old-Age Disability," Working Papers 00-13, RAND Corporation Publications Department. [Downloadable!]
  17. Namkee Ahn, . "Assessing Self-Assessed Health Data," Working Papers 2002-24, FEDEA. [Downloadable!]
  18. John Bound & Julie Berry Cullen & Austin Nichols & Lucie Schmidt, 2002. "The Welfare Implications of Increasing Disability Insurance Benefit Generosity," NBER Working Papers 9155, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  19. John Bound & Todd Stinebrickner & Timothy Waidmann, 2007. "Health, Economic Resources and the Work Decisions of Older Men," NBER Working Papers 13657, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  20. David M. Cutler & Louise Sheiner, 1998. "Demographics and Medical Care Spending: Standard and Non-Standard Effects," NBER Working Papers 6866, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
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