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Asymmetric Information and the New Theory of the Firm: Financial Constraints and Risk Behavior

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Author Info
Bruce C. Greenwald
Joseph E. Stiglitz

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Abstract

This paper summarizes recent developments in the theory of the firm that have arisen in examining the implications of imperfect information. It shows that a wide range of these models have similar implications for the likely reaction of firms to external environmental and policy changes. Two significant implications are (1) that firms behave as if they are risk averse individuals maximizing a utility function of terminal wealth (profitability) -- even when the risks involved are unsystematic -- and (2), in many circumstances, because this utility function is likely to be characterized by decreasing absolute risk aversion, firms are likely to respond significantly (and positively) to changes in cash flow and profitability. Together these two phenomena are able to account for a wide range of firm behaviors that have been empirically observed (both formally and informally) and that are difficult to explain in terms of the traditional theory of the firm. Furthermore, the responses of such firms to policy interventions are likely to differ significantly from those of neoclassical firms.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 3359.

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Date of creation: Jan 1994
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:3359

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  1. Leland, Hayne E & Pyle, David H, 1977. "Informational Asymmetries, Financial Structure, and Financial Intermediation," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 32(2), pages 371-87, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  2. Akerlof, George A, 1970. "The Market for 'Lemons': Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 84(3), pages 488-500, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Greenwald, Bruce C & Stiglitz, Joseph E, 1993. "Financial Market Imperfections and Business Cycles," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 108(1), pages 77-114, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Neil Doherty & Kent Smetters, 2002. "Moral Hazard in Reinsurance Markets," NBER Working Papers 9050, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Howard Kunreuther, 2006. "Reflections on U.S. Disaster Insurance Policy for the 21st Century," NBER Working Papers 12449, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Mahdi Mattar & Charles Cheah, 2006. "Valuing large engineering projects under uncertainty: private risk effects and real options," Construction Management & Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 24(8), pages 847-860, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Spagnolo, G., 1999. "On Interdependent Supergames: Multimarket Contact, Concavity, and Collusion," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 9914, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge. [Downloadable!]
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  5. Michal Bauer, 2007. "An Endogenous Attitude to Firms’ Risk Aversion: A Model," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 57(7-8), pages 382-399, September. [Downloadable!]
  6. Pedro Mazeda Gil, 2003. "A Model of Firm Behaviour with Equity Constraints and Bankruptcy Costs," FEP Working Papers 134, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto. [Downloadable!]
  7. José Eduardo Gómez González & Carlos Eduardo Léon Gómez & Karen Juliet Leiton Rodríguez, . "Does the Use of Foreign Currency Derivatives Affect Colombian Firms’ Market Value?," Borradores de Economia 562, Banco de la Republica de Colombia. [Downloadable!]
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  8. Erwann Michel-Kerjan & Paul A. Raschky & Howard C. Kunreuther, 2009. "Corporate Demand for Insurance: An Empirical Analysis of the U.S. Market for Catastrophe and Non-Catastrophe Risks," Working Papers hal-00372420_v1, HAL. [Downloadable!]
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  9. Yadira González de Lara, 2004. "Risk-Sharing As A Determinant Of Capital Structure: Internal Financing, Debt, And (Outside) Equity," Working Papers. Serie AD 2004-16, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, S.A. (Ivie). [Downloadable!]
  10. Ronald K. Chung & Hung-Gay Fung & Gene C. Lai & Robert C. Witt, 1994. "Causal Relationships Between Premiums and Losses, and Causes of the Underwriting Cycles," Risk and Insurance 9407008, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
  11. Spagnolo, Giancarlo, 1996. "Multimarket Contact, Concavity, and Collusion: on Extremal Equilibria of Interdependent Supergames," Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance 104, Stockholm School of Economics, revised 29 Apr 1998. [Downloadable!]
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