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HIV and Sexual Behavior Change: Why Not Africa?

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Author Info
Emily Oster

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Abstract

The response of sexual behavior to HIV in Africa is an important input to predicting the path of the epidemic and to focusing prevention efforts. Existing estimates suggest limited behavioral response, but fail to take into account possible differences across individuals. A simple model of sexual behavior choice among forward-looking individuals implies that behavioral response should be larger for those with lower non-HIV mortality risks and those who are richer. I estimate behavioral response using a new instrumental variables strategy, instrumenting for HIV prevalence with distance to the origin of the virus. I find low response on average, consistent with existing literature, but larger responses for those who face lower non-HIV mortality and for those who are richer. I also show suggestive evidence, based on a very simple calibration, that the magnitude of behavioral response in Africa is of a similar order of magnitude to that among gay men in the United States, once differences in income and life expectancy are taken into account.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 13049.

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Date of creation: Apr 2007
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:13049

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
I10 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - General
J17 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Value of Life; Foregone Income
O12 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

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References listed on IDEAS
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  8. Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan, 2006. "AIDS, "Reversal" of the Demographic Transition and Economic Development: Evidence from Africa," NBER Working Papers 12181, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  12. Emily Oster, 2005. "Sexually Transmitted Infections, Sexual Behavior, and the HIV/AIDS Epidemic," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 120(2), pages 467-515, May.
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  1. Brahmbhatt, Milan & Dutta, Arindam, 2008. "On SARS type economic effects during infectious disease outbreaks," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4466, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  2. Aureo de Paula & Gil Shapira & Petra E. Todd, 2008. "How Beliefs about HIV Status Affect Risky Behaviors: Evidence from Malawi1, Second Version," PIER Working Paper Archive 09-031, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, revised 01 Aug 2009. [Downloadable!]
  3. Andreea Balan-Cohen, 2008. "Healthy, Wealthy, and Wise? The Impact of the Old Age Assistance Program on Elderly Mortality in the United States," Discussion Papers Series, Department of Economics, Tufts University 0719, Department of Economics, Tufts University. [Downloadable!]
  4. Bhattacharya, Joydeep & Bunzel, Helle & Qiao, Xue, 2007. "UNSAFE SEX, AIDS, and DEVELOPMENT," Staff General Research Papers 12832, Iowa State University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  5. Emily Oster, 2007. "Routes of Infection: Exports and HIV Incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa," NBER Working Papers 13610, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Robinson, Jonathan & Yeh, Ethan, 2009. "Transactional sex as a response to risk in western Kenya," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4857, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  7. John Gibson & David McKenzie, 2007. "Using the Global Positioning System (GPS) in Household Surveys For Better Economics and Better Policy," Working Papers in Economics 07/04, University of Waikato, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  8. Adeline Delavande & Hans-Peter Kohler, 2009. "Subjective expectations in the context of HIV/AIDS in Malawi," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 20(31), pages 817-875, June. [Downloadable!]
  9. Aureo de Paula & Gil Shapira & Petra Todd, 2008. "How Beliefs about HIV Status Affect Risky Behaviors: Evidence from Malawi," PIER Working Paper Archive 08-035, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania. [Downloadable!]
  10. Seema Jayachandran & Adriana Lleras-Muney, 2008. "Life Expectancy and Human Capital Investments: Evidence From Maternal Mortality Declines," NBER Working Papers 13947, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Chinhui Juhn & Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan & Belgi Turan, 2008. "HIV and Fertility in Africa: First Evidence from Population Based Surveys," NBER Working Papers 14248, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Johannes Gräb & Jan Priebe, 2009. "Low Malnutrition but High Mortality: Explaining the Paradox of the Lake Victoria Region," Ibero America Institute for Econ. Research (IAI) Discussion Papers 185, Ibero-America Institute for Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
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