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Buffalo Hunt: International Trade and the Virtual Extinction of the North American Bison

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Author Info
M. Scott Taylor

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Abstract

In the 16th century, North America contained 25-30 million buffalo; by the late 19th century less than 100 remained. While removing the buffalo east of the Mississippi took settlers over 100 years, the remaining 10 to 15 million buffalo on the Great Plains were killed in a punctuated slaughter in a little more than 10 years. I employ theory, data from international trade statistics, and first person accounts to argue that the slaughter on the plains was initiated by a foreign-made innovation and fueled by a foreign demand for industrial leather. Ironically, the ultimate cause of this sad chapter in American environmental history was of European, and not American, origin.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 12969.

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Date of creation: Mar 2007
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:12969

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
F1 - International Economics - - Trade
Q2 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation
Q5 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics
Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounting

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  1. Allen, Robert C. & Keay, Ian, 2004. "Saving the Whales: Lessons from the Extinction of the Eastern Arctic Bowhead," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 64(02), pages 400-432, June. [Downloadable!]
  2. Brander, J.A. & Taylor, M.S., 1996. "The Simple Economics of Easter Island: A Ricardo-Malthus Model of Renewable Resource Use," UBC Departmental Archives 96-08, UBC Department of Economics.
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  3. Brian R. Copeland & M. Scott Taylor, 2004. "Trade, Growth, and the Environment," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 42(1), pages 7-71, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  4. Brian R. Copeland & M. Scott Taylor, 2004. "Trade, Tragedy, and the Commons," NBER Working Papers 10836, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Lueck, Dean, 2002. "The Extermination and Conservation of the American Bison," Journal of Legal Studies, University of Chicago Press, vol. 31(2), pages S609-52, June.
  6. Rosen, Sherwin & Murphy, Kevin M & Scheinkman, Jose A, 1994. "Cattle Cycles," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 102(3), pages 468-92, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  7. Carlos, Ann M. & Lewis, Frank D., 1993. "Indians, the Beaver, and the Bay: The Economics of Depletion in the Lands of the Hudson's Bay Company, 1700?1763," The Journal of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 53(03), pages 465-494, September. [Downloadable!]
  8. Besley, Timothy, 1995. "Property Rights and Investment Incentives: Theory and Evidence from Ghana," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 103(5), pages 903-37, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. James A. Brander & M. Scott Taylor, 1997. "International Trade and Open-Access Renewable Resources: The Small Open Economy Case," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 30(3), pages 526-52, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  10. Ann M. Carlos & Frank D. Lewis, 1999. "Property Rights, Competition and Depletion in the Eighteenth-Century Canadian Fur Trade: The Role of the European Market," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 32(3), pages 705-728, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Henning Bohn & Robert T. Deacon, 2000. "Ownership Risk, Investment, and the Use of Natural Resources," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 90(3), pages 526-549, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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