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Should Sixth Grade be in Elementary or Middle School? An Analysis of Grade Configuration and Student Behavior

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Author Info
Philip J. Cook
Robert MacCoun
Clara Muschkin
Jacob Vigdor

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Abstract

Using administrative data on public school students in North Carolina, we find that sixth grade students attending middle schools are much more likely to be cited for discipline problems than those attending elementary school. That difference remains after adjusting for the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the students and their schools. Furthermore, the higher infraction rates recorded by sixth graders who are placed in middle school persist at least through ninth grade. A plausible explanation is that sixth graders are at an especially impressionable age; in middle school, the exposure to older peers and the relative freedom from supervision have deleterious consequences.

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Paper provided by National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc in its series NBER Working Papers with number 12471.

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Date of creation: Aug 2006
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Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:12471

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H52 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Education

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Claudia Goldin, 1999. "A Brief History of Education in the United States," NBER Historical Working Papers 0119, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Kelly Bedard & Chau Do, 2005. "Are Middle Schools More Effective?: The Impact of School Structure on Student Outcomes," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 40(3). [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Manski, Charles F, 1993. "Identification of Endogenous Social Effects: The Reflection Problem," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 60(3), pages 531-42, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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