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Cross-Border Valuation: The International Cost of Equity Capital

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  • Gordon M. Bodnar
  • Bernard Dumas
  • Richard D. Marston

Abstract

How does a firm in one country evaluate an investment in a firm in another country, or how does it evaluate a foreign project that the firm itself is undertaking? The firm must estimate future free cash flows just as in a domestic project, but choosing an appropriate discount rate is a particular challenge. This study examines the determinants of the discount rate for an international acquisition or project by examining the sources of risk in an international setting. These risks include stock-market price risk measured with various versions of the capital asset pricing model, as well as exchange rate risk and political risk. To measure stock market risk, both segmented and integrated models of the world equity markets are considered. The emphasis of the study is on some of the practical aspects of estimation, particular for markets where no comparable investments exist on which to base estimates of risk premiums. To show how each of these risks might be measured, the study reports estimates for a representative French firm, Thals. The estimates range widely depending on whether or not the equity market is globally integrated.

Suggested Citation

  • Gordon M. Bodnar & Bernard Dumas & Richard D. Marston, 2003. "Cross-Border Valuation: The International Cost of Equity Capital," NBER Working Papers 10115, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberwo:10115
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Forssbæck , Jens & Oxelheim, Lars, 2008. "Financial Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment," Working Paper Series 741, Research Institute of Industrial Economics.
    2. Geert Bekaert & Michael Ehrmann & Marcel Fratzscher & Arnaud Mehl, 2014. "The Global Crisis and Equity Market Contagion," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 69(6), pages 2597-2649, December.
    3. Warnes, Ignacio & Warnes, Pablo E., 2014. "Country risk and the cost of equity in emerging markets," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 15-27.
    4. Tampakoudis, Ioannis & Noulas, Athanasios & Kiosses, Nikolaos, 2022. "The market reaction to syndicated loan announcements before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of corporate governance," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    5. Andrieș, Alin Marius & Nistor, Simona & Ongena, Steven & Sprincean, Nicu, 2020. "On Becoming an O-SII (“Other Systemically Important Institution”)," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    6. Groh, Alexander P., 2004. "Risikoadjustierte Performance von Private Equity-Investitionen," Publications of Darmstadt Technical University, Institute for Business Studies (BWL) 21382, Darmstadt Technical University, Department of Business Administration, Economics and Law, Institute for Business Studies (BWL).
    7. Samuel Mongrut & Dídac Ramírez, 2006. "Discount Rates in Emerging Capital Markets," Working Papers 06-03, Centro de Investigación, Universidad del Pacífico.
    8. Bekaert, Geert & Mehl, Arnaud, 2019. "On the global financial market integration “swoosh” and the trilemma," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 227-245.
    9. Samuel Mongrut Montalván & Didac Ramírez Sarrió, 2005. "Discount Rates in Emerging Capital Markets," Finance 0501013, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Schröder, David, 2005. "The Implied Equity Risk Premium: An Evaluation of Empirical Methods," Bonn Econ Discussion Papers 13/2005, University of Bonn, Bonn Graduate School of Economics (BGSE).
    11. Samuel Mongrut & Mauricio Fuenzalida & Samuel Nash & Juan Tapia, 2006. "Tender Offers in South America: Do they Convey Good News to the Market?," Working Papers 06-04, Centro de Investigación, Universidad del Pacífico.
    12. Roggi, Oliviero & Giannozzi, Alessandro & Baglioni, Tommaso, 2017. "Valuing emerging markets companies: New approaches to determine the effective exposure to country risk," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(PA), pages 553-567.
    13. Bruner, Robert F. & Li, Wei & Kritzman, Mark & Myrgren, Simon & Page, Sébastien, 2008. "Market integration in developed and emerging markets: Evidence from the CAPM," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 9(2), pages 89-103, June.
    14. Mazzotta, Stefano, 2008. "How important is asymmetric covariance for the risk premium of international assets?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(8), pages 1636-1647, August.
    15. Nordine Abidi & Ms. Burcu Hacibedel & Ms. Mwanza Nkusu, 2016. "Changing Times for Frontier Markets: A Perspective from Portfolio Investment Flows and Financial Integration," IMF Working Papers 2016/177, International Monetary Fund.
    16. Durand, Robert B. & Lan, Yihui & Ng, Andrew, 2011. "Conditional beta: Evidence from Asian emerging markets," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 130-153.

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    JEL classification:

    • G3 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance
    • F3 - International Economics - - International Finance

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