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Mergers and Barriers to Entry In Pharmaceutical Markets

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Author Info
Granier, L.
Trinquard, S.

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Abstract

After patent expirations in pharmaceutical markets, brand-name laboratories are threatened by generic firms'entry. To fill the gap in the theoretical literature on this topic, we study brand-name .rms.incentives either to deter entry, or to merge with the entrant. These strategies are considered along with the possibility of the brandname firm producing its own generic drug, called a pseudo-generic drug. Using a vertical differentiation model with Bertrand-Stackelberg competition, we show that each strategy, merging and deterring entry, may be Nash equilibrium, according to the generic firm's setup cost level and to the rate of discount.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by LASER (Laboratoire de Science Economique de Richter), Faculty of Economics, University of Montpellier 1 in its series Cahiers du LASER (LASER Working Papers) with number 2007.21.

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Length: 18 pages
Date of creation: 2007
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:mop:lasrwp:2007.21

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Postal: Université de Montpellier 1, Faculté des Sciences Economiques, LASER, Av. de la Mer - Espace Richter, CS 79606, 34960 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
Web page: http://www.laser.univ-montp1.fr
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Related research
Keywords: barriers; endogenous mergers; limit pricing; pharmaceuticals; pseudo-;

Find related papers by JEL classification:
I11 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Analysis of Health Care Markets
L12 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies

This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Hudson, John, 1992. "Pricing Dynamics in the Pharmaceutical Industry," Applied Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 24(1), pages 103-12, January.
  2. Milgrom, Paul & Roberts, John, 1982. "Limit Pricing and Entry under Incomplete Information: An Equilibrium Analysis," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(2), pages 443-59, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Granier, L. & Trinquard, S., 2006. "Pseudo-Generic Products and Mergers in Pharmaceutical Markets," Cahiers du LASER (LASER Working Papers) 2006.18, LASER (Laboratoire de Science Economique de Richter), Faculty of Economics, University of Montpellier 1. [Downloadable!]
  4. Richard G. Frank & David S. Salkever, 1997. "Generic Entry and the Pricing of Pharmaceuticals," NBER Working Papers 5306, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Brito, Duarte, 2003. "Preemptive mergers under spatial competition," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 21(10), pages 1601-1622, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Sengupta, Jati K & Leonard, John E & Vanyo, James P, 1983. "A Limit Pricing Model for U.S. Computer Industry: An Application," Applied Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 15(3), pages 297-308, June.
  7. Fiona M. Scott Morton, 1999. "Entry Decisions in the Generic Pharmaceutical Industry," Yale School of Management Working Papers ysm119, Yale School of Management. [Downloadable!]
  8. Ying Kong, 2004. "The price premium of generic to brand-names and pharmaceutical price index," Applied Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 36(7), pages 731-737, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Laurent Granier, 2008. "Endogenous mergers and cost heterogeneity," Applied Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 40(14), pages 1865-1871. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Richard G. Frank & David S. Salkever, 1997. "Generic Entry and the Pricing of Pharmaceuticals," Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 6(1), pages 75-90, 03. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Kamien, Morton I & Zang, Israel, 1993. "Monopolization by Sequential Acquisition," Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, Oxford University Press, vol. 9(2), pages 205-29, October.
  12. Judith K. Hellerstein, 1998. "The Importance of the Physician in the Generic Versus Trade-Name Prescription Decision," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 29(1), pages 108-136, Spring. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Fridolfsson S.O. & Stennek J., 1999. "Why mergers reduce profits, and raise share prices: A theory of preemptive mergers," Working Papers 1999018, University of Antwerp, Faculty of Applied Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  14. Aidan Hollis, 2003. "The Anti-Competitive Effects of Brand-Controlled "Pseudo- Generics" in the Canadian Pharmaceutical Market," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 29(1), pages 21-31, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Jorge Mestre Ferrándiz, 1999. "The impact of generic goods in the pharmaceutical industry," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 8(7), pages 599-612.
  16. Kamien, Morton I & Zang, Israel, 1990. "The Limits of Monopolization through Acquisition," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 105(2), pages 465-99, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  17. Aidan Hollis, 2002. "The importance of being first: evidence from Canadian generic pharmaceuticals," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 11(8), pages 723-734. [Downloadable!]
  18. Fiona M. Scott Morton, 1999. "Entry Decisions in the Generic Pharmaceutical Industry," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 30(3), pages 421-440, Autumn. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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