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Marché du travail urbain et pauvreté en Afrique subsaharienne : un modèle d’analyse

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Author Info
Adama Zerbo () (GED, Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV)

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Abstract

Ce travail avait pour objectif d’examiner la capacité des économies locales à réduire significativement la pauvreté par la création d’opportunités d’emplois décents. A cet effet, il a tenté de surmonter les difficultés d’ordre conceptuel relatives au fonctionnement du marché du travail urbain en Afrique subsaharienne en proposant un nouveau cadre théorique. Ce cadre a permis d’appréhender l’offre de travail local dans sa dynamique et de cerner les changements sur le marché du travail urbain en cas de chocs économiques et démographiques. De ces analyses, il ressort notamment que les politiques de relance des économies urbaines devront être soutenues par des stratégies de réduction de la pauvreté afin de limiter les effets pervers de la privation de capabilités sur la croissance économique. Par ailleurs, le succès de la relance des économies urbaines passe par des mesures d’amélioration des niveaux de vie dans les milieux ruraux pour éviter une précarisation persistante de l’emploi urbain liée aux effets pervers de l’exode rural. En Afrique subsaharienne, les politiques de développement urbain doivent donc adopter une approche globale et intégrée de relance de l’économie locale et de lutte contre la privation de capabilités élémentaires. This paper aimed to examine the capacity of the local economies to reduce poverty by the creation of decent jobs. To that effect, it tried to overcome the conceptual difficulties of the urban labour market in sub-Saharan Africa by proposing a new theoretical framework. With this framework, we apprehend the urban work supply in its dynamics and determine the changes on the urban labour market in the event of economic and demographic shocks. From these analyses, it comes out that the urban economies boost policies will have to be supported by poverty reduction strategies in order to limit the perverse effects of deprivation of capabilities on the economic growth. In addition, the success of these policies passes by measures of improvement of living standards in the rural areas to avoid a persistent degradation of urban employment related to the perverse rural migration effects. Thus, in sub-Saharan Africa, urban development policies must adopt a global and integrated measures to boost local economy and fight against the deprivation of elementary capabilities. (Full text in french)

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Paper provided by Groupe d'Economie du Développement de l'Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV in its series Documents de travail with number 129.

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Length: 29 pages
Date of creation: Jun 2006
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Handle: RePEc:mon:ceddtr:129

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare and Poverty - - - General Welfare
I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty

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  1. Jean-Pierre Lachaud, 1995. "Le secteur informel urbain et l'informalisation du travail en Afrique subsaharienne : rhétoriques et réalités - Le cas de la Côte d'Ivoire," Documents de travail 05, Groupe d'Economie du Développement de l'Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV. [Downloadable!]
  2. Akerlof, George A, 1982. "Labor Contracts as Partial Gift Exchange," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 97(4), pages 543-69, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Shapiro, Carl & Stiglitz, Joseph E, 1984. "Equilibrium Unemployment as a Worker Discipline Device," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 74(3), pages 433-44, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Adama Zerbo, 2002. "Une approche non probabiliste d'analyse de la dynamique multidimensionnelle du bien-être. Pauvreté, vulnérabilité et exclusion," Documents de travail 70, Groupe d'Economie du Développement de l'Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV. [Downloadable!]
  5. Gary S. Fields, 2004. "Dualism In The Labor Market: A Perspective On The Lewis Model After Half A Century," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 72(6), pages 724-735, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Mortensen, Dale T, 1970. "Job Search, the Duration of Unemployment, and the Phillips Curve," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 60(5), pages 847-62, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Jean-Pierre Lachaud, 1996. "Pauvreté,vulnérabilité et marché du travail au Burkina Faso," Série de recherche 02, Groupe d'Economie du Développement de l'Université Montesquieu Bordeaux IV.
  8. Lewis, W Arthur, 1979. "The Dual Economy Revisited," The Manchester School of Economic & Social Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 47(3), pages 211-29, September.
  9. Weiss, Andrew W, 1980. "Job Queues and Layoffs in Labor Markets with Flexible Wages," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 88(3), pages 526-38, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Beauchemin, Cris & Schoumaker, Bruno, 2005. "Migration to cities in Burkina Faso: Does the level of development in sending areas matter?," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 33(7), pages 1129-1152, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Ranis, Gustav, 1988. "Analytics of development: Dualism," Handbook of Development Economics, in: Hollis Chenery† & T.N. Srinivasan (ed.), Handbook of Development Economics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 4, pages 73-92 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  12. Carrington, William J & Detragiache, Enrica & Vishwanath, Tara, 1996. "Migration with Endogenous Moving Costs," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 86(4), pages 909-30, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  13. Dale Mortensen, 1984. "Job Search and Labor Market Analysis," Discussion Papers 594, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science. [Downloadable!]
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  14. Katz, Eliakim & Stark, Oded, 1986. "Labor Migration and Risk Aversion in Less Developed Countries," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 4(1), pages 134-49, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Spence, A Michael, 1973. "Job Market Signaling," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 87(3), pages 355-74, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. repec:dia:wpaper:dt200408 is not listed on IDEAS
  17. McCall, John J, 1970. "Economics of Information and Job Search," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 84(1), pages 113-26, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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