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Where Do Banks Expand Abroad? An Empirical Analysis

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Author Info
Focarelli, Dario ()
Pozzolo, Alberto Franco

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Abstract

This paper investigates the determinants of the pattern of banks’ foreign investment. We extended previous analyses in three directions. First, we use a unique database that includes information on 260 large banks from OECD countries and all their foreign branches and subsidiaries in each one of the other OECD countries. Second, we consider explicitly the role of institutional and regulatory characteristics. Third, we considered within a unified framework a wide set of variables that are likely to influence the pattern of bank internationalization. Consistent with previous research, we find that a high degree of integration between the home and the destination countries has an effect on the location choice of multinational banks. However, we also find that the marginal effect of integration is much lower than that of other explanatory variables. Profit opportunities resulting from a high expected economic growth and the prospect of competing with relatively less efficient banks appear to be a key factor affecting the expansion abroad, especially in the case of subsidiaries. Institutional characteristics of the destination country also play a crucial role. For example, financial centers attract branches of foreign banks, but not subsidiaries, while lower regulatory restrictions on banking activities are associated with a stronger presence of foreign subsidiaries, but not of branches.

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Paper provided by University of Molise, Dept. SEGeS in its series Economics & Statistics Discussion Papers with number esdp03009.

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Length: 31 pages
Date of creation: 18 Jul 2003
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Handle: RePEc:mol:ecsdps:esdp03009

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Keywords: international banking; foreign direct investment.;

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
E30 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Mortgages
F21 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Investment; Long-Term Capital Movements
F23 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - Multinational Firms; International Business

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Focarelli, Dario & Pozzolo, Alberto Franco, 2001. "The patterns of cross-border bank mergers and shareholdings in OECD countries," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(12), pages 2305-2337, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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    Other versions:
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  5. Boot, Arnoud W. A., 1999. "European lessons on consolidation in banking," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 23(2-4), pages 609-613, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Randall S. Kroszner, 1999. "Is the Financial System Politically Independent? Perspectives on the Political Economy of Banking and Financial Regulation," University of Chicago - George G. Stigler Center for Study of Economy and State 151, Chicago - Center for Study of Economy and State. [Downloadable!]
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  8. Williams, Barry, 1998. "Factors affecting the performance of foreign-owned banks in Australia: A cross-sectional study," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 197-219, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  11. Grosse, Robert & Goldberg, Lawrence G., 1991. "Foreign bank activity in the United States: An analysis by country of origin," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 1093-1112, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  18. Goldberg, Lawrence G. & Johnson, Denise, 1990. "The determinants of US banking activity abroad," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 9(2), pages 123-137, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  19. Brealey, R. A. & Kaplanis, E. C., 1996. "The determination of foreign banking location," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 15(4), pages 577-597, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  20. Focarelli, Dario & Panetta, Fabio & Salleo, Carmelo, 2002. "Why Do Banks Merge?," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 34(4), pages 1047-66, November.
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  24. Allen N. Berger & Anil K. Kashyap & Joseph Scalise, 1995. "The Transformation of the U.S. Banking Industry: What a Long, Strange Trip It's Been," Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers 96-06, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania.
    Other versions:
Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Giorgio Gobbi & Francesca Lotti, 2004. "Entry decisions and adverse selection: an empirical analysis of a local credit markets," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 535, Bank of Italy, Economic Research Department. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Allen N. Berger & Qinglei Dai & Steven Ongena & David C. Smith, 2002. "To what extent will the banking industry be globalized? a study of bank nationality and reach in 20 European nations," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2002-25, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.). [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  3. Herrero, Alicia Garcia & Martinez Peria, Maria Soledad, 2005. "The mix of international banks'foreign claims : determinants and implications," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3755, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  4. Adrian E. Tschoegl, 2003. "Who Owns the Major US Subsidiaries of Foreign Banks? A Note," Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers 03-11, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  5. Andrea M. Maechler & Sandra Marcelino & Paulo Flavio Nacif Drummond, 2007. "Italy-Assessing Competition and Efficiency in the Banking System," IMF Working Papers 07/26, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  6. Kaoru Hosono & Koji Sakai & Kotaro Tsuru, 2007. "Consolidation of Banks in Japan: Causes and Consequences," NBER Working Papers 13399, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  7. Cerutti, Eugenio & Dell'Ariccia, Giovanni & Martinez Peria, Maria Soledad, 2005. "How banks go abroad : branches or subsidiaries ?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3753, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  8. Fotios Pasiouras & Chrysovalantis Gaganis & Constantin Zopounidis, 2008. "Regulations, Supervision Approaches and Acquisition Likelihood in the Asian Banking Industry," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer, vol. 15(2), pages 135-154, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Pozzolo, Alberto Franco, 2008. "Bank Cross-Border Merger and Acquisitions (Causes, consequences and recent trends)," Economics & Statistics Discussion Papers esdp08048, University of Molise, Dept. SEGeS. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  10. De Haas, Ralph & van Lelyveld, Iman, 2009. "Internal Capital Markets and Lending by Multinational Bank Subsidiaries," MPRA Paper 13164, University Library of Munich, Germany. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  11. Claessens, Stijn, 2006. "Competitive implications of cross-border banking," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3854, The World Bank. [Downloadable!]
  12. Thorsten V. Koeppl & James MacGee, 2007. "Branching Out: The Urgent Need to Transform Canada’s Financial Landscape and How to Do It," C.D. Howe Institute Commentary, C.D. Howe Institute, issue 251, June. [Downloadable!]
  13. Luca Colombo & Gilberto Turati, 2007. "The Role of the Local Business Environment in Banking Consolidation," DISCE - Quaderni dell'Istituto di Economia e Finanza ief0076, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimenti e Istituti di Scienze Economiche (DISCE). [Downloadable!]
  14. Farouk Soussa & Tracy Wheeler, . "Do announcements of bank acquisitions in emerging markets create value?," Bank of England working papers 315, Bank of England. [Downloadable!]
  15. Stijn Claessens & Neeltje van Horen, 2008. "Location Decisions of Foreign Banks and Institutional Competitive Advantage," DNB Working Papers 172, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department. [Downloadable!]
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