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The Ricardian Model

Author

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  • Alan V. Deardorff

    (The University of Michigan)

Abstract

This essay was written for the Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy. The Ricardian Model describes a world in which goods are competitively produced from a single factor of production, labor, using constant-returns-to-scale technologies that differ across countries and goods. With only two goods and two countries, the standard textbook model shows that countries will export the good in which they have comparative advantage. Equilibrium takes two forms, one with both countries completely specialized and gaining from trade, the other with one country producing both goods and neither gaining nor losing from trade. The model is easily extended to more than two goods or more than two countries, but not both. Important extensions have been provided by Dornbusch, Fischer, and Samuelson (1977) to a continuum of goods with two countries, and by Eaton and Kortum (2002) to a continuum of goods with many countries and random technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Alan V. Deardorff, 2007. "The Ricardian Model," Working Papers 564, Research Seminar in International Economics, University of Michigan.
    • Handle: RePEc:mie:wpaper:564
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    File URL: http://fordschool.umich.edu/rsie/workingpapers/Papers551-575/r564.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marc J. Melitz, 2003. "The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 71(6), pages 1695-1725, November.
    2. Jonathan Eaton & Samuel Kortum, 2002. "Technology, Geography, and Trade," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 70(5), pages 1741-1779, September.
    3. Dornbusch, Rudiger & Fischer, Stanley & Samuelson, Paul A, 1977. "Comparative Advantage, Trade, and Payments in a Ricardian Model with a Continuum of Goods," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 67(5), pages 823-839, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Arnaud Costinot, 2009. "An Elementary Theory of Comparative Advantage," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 77(4), pages 1165-1192, July.
    2. Andrianarimanana, Mihasina Harinaivo & Yongjian, Pu & Rabezanahary Tanteliniaina, Mirindra Finaritra, 2023. "Assessment of the importance of climate, land, and soil on the global supply for agricultural products and global food security: Evidence from Madagascar," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    3. Feng Dai & Songtao Wu & Ling Liang & Zifu Qin, 2016. "Bilateral Trade under Environmental Pressure: Balanced Growth," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 209-231, June.
    4. Yuqing Xing & Bo Zhang, 2018. "Population, Technological Progress and the Welfare of the North-South Trade: A Revisit of the Classic Ricardian Model," GRIPS Discussion Papers 18-10, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies.
    5. Hejazi, Mina & Grant, Jason, 2013. "Do Trade Costs Affect the Extensive Margin of Trade? Lessons from U.S. Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Imports," 2013 Annual Meeting, August 4-6, 2013, Washington, D.C. 150602, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    6. Bhisma K. Bhusal & James R. Wilson & Susana Franco, 2014. "Rethinking Policy Intervention for the Transition towards Competitive Trade-Led Green Growth," Working Papers 2014R02, Orkestra - Basque Institute of Competitiveness.
    7. Kaukin, Andrei & Idrisov, Georgij, 2013. "The gravity model of foreign trade in Russia: the case of a large area of the country with the longest border," Ekonomicheskaya Politika / Economic Policy, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, pages 133-145, August.
    8. Mihasina Harinaivo Andrianarimanana & Pu Yongjian, 2021. "Importance of the Improvement in the Agricultural Technology of Sub-Saharan Africa on Local Economic Development and International Trade," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-14, February.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Ricardian Model; Comparative Advantage;

    JEL classification:

    • F1 - International Economics - - Trade

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