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Le marché québécois de l'électricité: rétrospective et voies de l'avenir

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  • Bernard, Jean-Thomas

Abstract

La disponibilité des ressources hydroélectriques et le cadre institutionnel entourant leur développement ont donné lieu à des prix d'électricité qui sont beaucoup plus faibles au Québec que dans les régions voisines. La structure de cette industrie est en train de changer dans plusieurs pays pour laisser la concurrence jouer un rôle plus grand comme mécanisme de coordination entre les demandeurs et les offreurs au niveau de la production. C'est le cas aux États-Unis où les réseaux de transport sont ouverts depuis le 1 er janvier 1997. Ce changement permet les échanges entre les producteurs et les distributeurs. Le Québec s'est ajusté en ouvrant son réseau de transport de façon non discriminatoire. Mais il n'y a pas encore une véritable libéralisation du marché de la production ici même au Québec. Nous sommes en présence de deux tendances: l'une protectionniste centrée sur le marché local qui bénéficie de la rente hydroélectrique sur la base de faibles prix de l'électricité et l'autre continentaliste orientée vers l'ouverture pour prendre avantage des opportunités offertes par les échanges. Compte tenu de la quantité limitée de sites hydroélectriques qu'il reste à développer de façon rentable et des bénéfices qui peuvent être retirés des échanges avec les voisins, le Québec apportera probablement les ajustements structurels requis pour permettre la réalisation des bénéfices découlant des échanges d'électricité.

Suggested Citation

  • Bernard, Jean-Thomas, 1999. "Le marché québécois de l'électricité: rétrospective et voies de l'avenir," Cahiers de recherche 9912, Université Laval - Département d'économique.
    • Handle: RePEc:lvl:laeccr:9912
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Paul L. Joskow & Richard Schmalensee, 1988. "Markets for Power: An Analysis of Electrical Utility Deregulation," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262600188, December.
    2. Jean-Thomas Bernard & Stephen Gordon & Josee Tremblay, 1997. "Electricity Prices and Elections in Quebec," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 30(3), pages 505-525, August.
    3. Bernard, Jean-Thomas & Chatel, Josee, 1985. "The application of marginal cost pricing principles to a hydro-electric system : The case of hydro-Quebec," Resources and Energy, Elsevier, vol. 7(4), pages 353-375, December.
    4. Jean-Thomas Bernard & Michel Roland, 1997. "Rent Dissipation through Electricity Prices of Publicly Owned Utilities," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 30(4), pages 1204-1219, November.
    5. Casten, Thomas R., 1995. "Electricity generation: Smaller is better," The Electricity Journal, Elsevier, vol. 8(10), pages 65-73, December.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Electricité; Exportation; Déréglementation; Hydro-Québec; Marché québécois; Tarification;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L94 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Electric Utilities

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