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Les leçons du mariage entre les modèles d'équilibre général calculable et la nouvelle théorie du commerce international: application à la Tunisie

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  • Cockburn, John
  • Decaluwe, Bernard
  • Dostie, Benoît

Abstract

La nouvelle théorie du commerce international démontre que la présence de concurrence imparfaite et d'économies d'échelle peut modifier de manière radicale les impacts de politiques commerciales. Toutefois, malgré l'ampleur apparente de ces deux phénomènes dans les pays en développement et les réformes commerciales qui y sont présentement appliquées, très rares sont les études appliquées qui en tiennent compte. De plus, nous montrons que la principale étude qui fait exception contient une incohérence de modélisation qui mène à une surestimation considérable de l'effet dit pro-compétitif de la libéralisation commerciale. Nous présentons en détail les fondements théoriques et la procédure à suivre pour une intégration cohérente de la concurrence imparfaite dans un modèle traditionnel d'équilibre général calculable. Le fonctionnement du modèle est ensuite illustré à travers une application à la Tunisie, application qui indique que l'effet pro-compétitif à espérer de la libéralisation commerciale y est faible. The new trade theory shows that taking into account imperfect competition and economies of scale can drastically modify our predictions concerning the impact of trade policy. However, despite the apparent importance of these phenomena and the extent of current trade liberalisation in developing countries, there are extremely few empirical trade analyses which take them into account. Further, we find that the principal exception to this rule is a study which contains a modelling inconsistency leading to a considerable overestimation of the pro-competitive effects of trade liberalisation. We present in detail the theoretical foundations and the procedure to follow in consistently modelling imperfect competition in a tradition computable general equilibrium trade model. An illustration is then provided through an analysis of Tunisian trade policy options which indicates that very limited pro-competitive effects are to be expected from trade liberalisation.

Suggested Citation

  • Cockburn, John & Decaluwe, Bernard & Dostie, Benoît, 1998. "Les leçons du mariage entre les modèles d'équilibre général calculable et la nouvelle théorie du commerce international: application à la Tunisie," Cahiers de recherche 9804, Université Laval - Département d'économique.
    • Handle: RePEc:lvl:laeccr:9804
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Jean-François Gautier, 2000. "Réformes douanières au Bénin et libéralisation commerciale du Nigeria : Un modèle EGC avec concurrence imparfaite appliquée au commerce trans-frontalier," Working Papers DT/2000/03, DIAL (Développement, Institutions et Mondialisation).
    2. Haykel HADJ SALEM, 2001. "Impacts of the Euro-Tunisian Agreements of Free Exchange: Evaluation by a Computable General Equilibrium Model in 1996," Middle East and North Africa 330400034, EcoMod.
    3. Celine de Quatrebarbes & Bertrand Laporte & Stéphane Calipel, 2021. "Fighting the soaring prices of agricultural food products. VAT versus Trade tariffs exemptions in a context of imperfect competition in Niger : CGE and micro-simulation approach," Working Papers hal-03138369, HAL.
    4. Patricia Augier & Michael Gasiorek & Charles Lai Tong, 2005. "The impact of rules of origin on trade flows [‘Rules of origin and the EU-Med partnership: the case of textiles’]," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 20(43), pages 568-624.
    5. Lucke, Bernd & Zotti, Jacopo, 2016. "Macroeconomic effects of the Barcelona Initiative," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 38(5), pages 837-854.
    6. Haykel Hadj Salem, 2004. "Impacts des accords de libre échange Euro-tunisien: évaluation par un Modèle d’Equilibre Général Calculable en 1996," Notas Económicas, Faculty of Economics, University of Coimbra, issue 20, pages 192-218, December.
    7. Sabine Mage-Bertomeu, 2006. "Les modèles d'équilibre général appliqués à la politique commerciale : développements récents," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, vol. 116(3), pages 357-381.
    8. Fida Karam, 2011. "Trade Liberalization and the Skill Composition of Migrant Flows: the Case of Morocco," Working Papers 595, Economic Research Forum, revised 07 Jan 2011.

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    Keywords

    Équilibre général - concurrence imparfaite - Tunisie;

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