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Union économique et mobilité des facteurs; le cas de l'Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africain (UEMOA)

Author

Listed:
  • Decaluwé, B.
  • Dumont, J.-C.
  • Mesplé-Somps, S.
  • Robichaud, V.

Abstract

L'objet de ce papier est d'analyser les conséquences de la mise en place d'une Union économique entre les pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest (UEMOA), dans le cadre d'un modèle d'équilibre général calculable multi-pays avec mobilité des facteurs de production. On s'interroge sur les facteurs de convergence ou de divergence de développement, consécutifs à la réallocation des ressources et du commerce engendrés par la création de l'Union entre les pays membres qui, même s'ils ont des niveaux de revenus uniformément faibles, sont d'une configuration assez asymétrique. Tout d'abord, dans la mesure où l'Union économique signifie pour certains une forte ouverture internationale et pour d'autres un léger réarmement douanier, ses effets, de faible ampleur, sont contrastés. Par ailleurs, en dépit de l'asymétrie du choc, nos résultats sont conformes à ceux développés par Venables (1999): la Côte d'Ivoire qui possède le rapport des facteurs de production le moins éloigné du rapport mondial est le pays qui bénéficie le plus du processus d'intégration régionale. A l'inverse, le Burkina Faso voit sa situation se dégrader. La mobilité du travail et du capital industriel accentue le phénomène de divergence entre les pays de la zone. C'est ainsi que le Sénégal, et dans une moindre mesure le Togo, verraient à long terme leurs situations se dégrader par rapport au scénario de référence du fait de la fuite des capitaux industriels et donc leur écart de développement avec la Côte d'Ivoire croître. A contrario, la question migratoire, qui est parfois mise en exergue dans ce contexte, compte tenu des niveaux des flux et de l'ampleur somme toute modérée du choc macro-économique n'apparaît pas avec acuité. Enfin, on montre que la question de la transition fiscalo-douanière est centrale. En effet, selon le mode de financement des pertes fiscales choisi, l'impact des réformes douanières peut aller en sens opposé notamment sur la croissance des secteurs industriels dans des pays comme le Sénégal. Tant de problème du "creusement" du fossé entre la Côte d'Ivoire et ses partenaires régionaux et ses effets en terme de migration et de localisation du capital industriel dans la région, que le traitement du problème de la transition fiscalo-douanière doivent inciter la communauté internationale à envisager les politiques d'aide dans une stratégie régionale et non pas nationale comme cela l'est malheureusement encore.

Suggested Citation

  • Decaluwé, B. & Dumont, J.-C. & Mesplé-Somps, S. & Robichaud, V., 2000. "Union économique et mobilité des facteurs; le cas de l'Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest Africain (UEMOA)," Cahiers de recherche 0009, Université Laval - Département d'économique.
  • Handle: RePEc:lvl:laeccr:0009
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    File URL: http://www.ecn.ulaval.ca/w3/recherche/cahiers/2000/0009.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Decaluwe, Bernard & Dissou, Yazid & Robichaud, Véronique, 1999. "Regionalization and Labour Market Rigidities in Developing Countries: A CGE Analysis of UEMOA," Cahiers de recherche 9917, Université Laval - Département d'économique.
    2. Lewis, Jeffrey D. & Robinson, Sherman & Thierfelder, Karen, 1999. "After the negotiations: assessing the impact of free trade agreements in Southern Africa," TMD discussion papers 46, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    3. Lewis, Jeffrey D. & Robinson, Sherman & Wang, Zhi, 1995. "Beyond the Uruguay Round: The implications of an Asian free trade area," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 6(1), pages 35-90.
    4. Milner, Chris & Wright, Peter, 1998. "Modelling Labour Market Adjustment to Trade Liberalisation in an Industrialising Economy," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 108(447), pages 509-528, March.
    5. Baldwin, Richard E. & Venables, Anthony J., 1995. "Regional economic integration," Handbook of International Economics, in: G. M. Grossman & K. Rogoff (ed.), Handbook of International Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 31, pages 1597-1644, Elsevier.
    6. Venables, Anthony J., 1999. "Regional integration agreements - a force for convergence or divergence?," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2260, The World Bank.
    7. Russell, S.S. & Jacobsen, K. & Stanley, W.D., 1990. "International migration and development in Sub-Saharan Africa," World Bank - Discussion Papers 101, World Bank.
    8. Lewis, Jeffrey D.*Robinson, Sherman, 1996. "Partners or predators? : the impact of regional trade liberalization on Indonesia," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1626, The World Bank.
    9. repec:dau:papers:123456789/4936 is not listed on IDEAS
    10. Bernard Decaluwé & Yazid Dissou & André Patry, 2001. "Union douanière au sein de l'UEMOA. Une analyse quantitative," Revue économique, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 52(4), pages 811-830.
    11. Decaluwe, B. & Dissou, Y. & Robichaud, V., 1999. "Regionalization and Labour Market Regidities in Developing Countries," Papers 9917, Laval - Recherche en Politique Economique.
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    1. Boureima Sawadogo & Tegawende Juliette Nana & Maimouna Hama Natama & Fidèle Bama & Emma Tapsoba & Kassoum Zerbo, 2015. "Impact de l'expansion économique et commerciale de la Chine sur la croissance et l'emploi au Burkina Faso: une analyse en équilibre général calculable," Working Papers MPIA 2015-03, PEP-MPIA.
    2. Monemou, Ouo-Ouo Waïta, 2015. "Contribution à l'amélioration de la performance en matière d'imposition sur le revenu en République de Guinée," Economics Thesis from University Paris Dauphine, Paris Dauphine University, number 123456789/15109 edited by Castagnède, Bernard.
    3. Boureima Sawadogo & T gawend Juliette Nana & Maimouna Hama Natama & Fid le Bama & Emma Tapsoba & Kassoum Zerbo, 2020. "Impact of Economic and Trade Expansion of China on Employment and Household Welfare in Burkina Faso: A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 10(6), pages 139-153.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Intégration régionale; UEMOA; migration; FDI; MEGC;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O55 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Africa
    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • F2 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business
    • R13 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies

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