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Health Expenditure and Income in the United States

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  • Elisa Tosetti

    ()

  • Francesco Moscone

    ()

Abstract

This paper investigates the long-run economic relationship between health care expenditure and income in the US at a State level. Using a panel of 49 US States followed over the period 1980-2004, we study the non-stationarity and cointegration between health spending and income, ultimately measuring income elasticity of health care. The tests we adopt allow us to explicitly control for cross-section dependence and unobserved heterogeneity. Specifically, in our regression equations we assume that the error is the sum of a multifactor structure and a spatial autoregressive process, which capture global shocks and local spill overs in health expenditure. Our results suggest that health care is a necessity rather than a luxury, with an elasticity much smaller than that estimated in other US studies. Further, we observe a significant spatial spill over, though with a smaller intensity than that detected in other studies on spatial concentration of US health spending. Our broad perspective of cross section dependence as well as the methods used to capture it give new insights on the debate over the relationship between health spending and income.

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Bibliographic Info

Paper provided by Department of Economics, University of Leicester in its series Discussion Papers in Economics with number 07/14.

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Date of creation: Oct 2007
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Handle: RePEc:lec:leecon:07/14

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Keywords: Health expenditure; income elasticity; cross section dependence; panels;

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References

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  1. Carrion-i-Silvestre, Josep Lluis, 2005. "Health care expenditure and GDP: Are they broken stationary?," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(5), pages 839-854, September.
  2. Di Matteo, Livio & Di Matteo, Rosanna, 1998. "Evidence on the determinants of Canadian provincial government health expenditures: 1965-1991," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 211-228, April.
  3. Lee, Lung-Fei, 2002. "Consistency And Efficiency Of Least Squares Estimation For Mixed Regressive, Spatial Autoregressive Models," Econometric Theory, Cambridge University Press, vol. 18(02), pages 252-277, April.
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Citations

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Cited by:
  1. Thomas Barnay & Olivier Damette, 2012. "What drives Health Care Expenditure in France since 1950?," Working Papers hal-00717435, HAL.
  2. Bai, Jushan & Carrion-i-Silvestre, Josep Lluis, 2009. "Testing Panel Cointegration with Unobservable Dynamic Common Factors," MPRA Paper 35243, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  3. Francis Teal & Markus Eberhardt, 2010. "Aggregation versus Heterogeneity in Cross-Country Growth Empirics," Economics Series Working Papers CSAE WPS/2010-32, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
  4. Massimo Filippini & Fabian Heimsch & Giuliano Masiero, 2013. "Antibiotic consumption and the role of dispensing physicians," CEPRA working paper 1302, USI Università della Svizzera italiana.
  5. Donald G. Freeman, 2012. "Is Health Care a Necessity or a Luxury? New Evidence from a Panel of U.S. State-Level Data," Working Papers 1203, Sam Houston State University, Department of Economics and International Business.
  6. Chakroun, Mohamed, 2009. "Health care expenditure and GDP: An international panel smooth transition approach," MPRA Paper 14322, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  7. de Mello-Sampayo, Felipa & de Sousa-Vale, Sofia, 2012. "Financing Health Care Expenditure in the OECD Countries: Evidence from a Heterogeneous, Cross-Sectionally Dependent Panel," MPRA Paper 41073, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  8. Declan French, 2012. "Causation between health and income: a need to panic," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 42(2), pages 583-601, April.
  9. Munic Boungnarasy, 2011. "Health care expenditures in Asia countries: Panel data analysis," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 31(4), pages 3169-3178.

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