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What's pushing international tourism expenditures?

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  • Christoph Vietze

    (Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Department of Economics, Chair for Economic Policy)

Abstract

In this paper we discuss the determinants which contribute to outbound tourism expenditures. The aim is to show whether and how different socio-economic factors in countries of origin are responsible for the demand, to spent money for tourist activities in foreign countries. While we are able to find a strict robust positive impact of all economic factors like the per capita income and the openness to trade on the tourism expenditures per capita as well as on the tourism expenditure per GDP, most of the sociological factors show rather a weak significance. However, there seems to be somewhat like a corporate openness to tourism as countries which are able to attract high inbound tourism receipts per capita also having high outbound tourism expenditures per capita as well. A further important finding is that people in democratic countries with a high level of civil rights spend a higher share of income for traveling abroad. Our results give us an indirect and encouraging hint that it makes sense for developing countries to sustainable invest in the tourism sector as an increasing willingness to pay for outbound tourism goes hand in hand with an increasing per capita income in the world.

Suggested Citation

  • Christoph Vietze, 2009. "What's pushing international tourism expenditures?," Jena Economics Research Papers 2009-014, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena.
  • Handle: RePEc:jrp:jrpwrp:2009-014
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Andreas Freytag & Christoph Vietze, 2013. "Can nature promote development? The role of sustainable tourism for economic growth," Journal of Environmental Economics and Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2(1), pages 16-44, March.
    2. Carolyn Chisadza & Matthew Clance & Rangan Gupta & Peter Wanke, 2022. "Uncertainty and tourism in Africa," Tourism Economics, , vol. 28(4), pages 964-978, June.
    3. Christoph Vietze, 2012. "Cultural Effects on Inbound Tourism into the USA: A Gravity Approach," Tourism Economics, , vol. 18(1), pages 121-138, February.
    4. Umit Bulut & Emrah Kocak & Courtney Suess, 2020. "The effect of freedom on international tourism demand: Empirical evidence from the top eight most visited countries," Tourism Economics, , vol. 26(8), pages 1358-1373, December.
    5. Xueying Huang & Yuanjun Han & Xuhong Gong & Xiangyan Liu, 2020. "Does the belt and road initiative stimulate China’s inbound tourist market? An empirical study using the gravity model with a DID method," Tourism Economics, , vol. 26(2), pages 299-323, March.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    tourism; tourism expenditures; economic growth;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F14 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Empirical Studies of Trade
    • F18 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Environment

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