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A Influência da Taxa de Câmbio Sobre os Fluxos de Comércio Exterior

Author

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  • Flavio Lyrio Carneiro

Abstract

Este trabalho tem por objetivo examinar a literatura teórica acerca da determinação da taxa de câmbio e do balanço de pagamentos para investigar como uma alteração cambial pode afetar os fluxos de comércio exterior de um país. Assim, analisam-se as diferentes categorias de modelos de determinação do balanço de pagamentos – a abordagem das elasticidades, o enfoque da absorção, os modelos monetários e de equilíbrio de carteira e a abordagem de otimização intertemporal – de modo a identificar os principais mecanismos de transmissão pelos quais a modificação do nível da taxa de câmbio pode influenciar o comportamento das contas externas, e, em particular, das exportações e importações. É possível identificar duas vias principais pelas quais ocorre esta interação: o efeito via preços relativos (isto é, pela alteração da taxa real de câmbio, que influencia as decisões de oferta e demanda na economia em geral, e as decisões sobre importações e exportações em particular), que depende diretamente da sensibilidade das importações e exportações ao câmbio real, e o efeito direto na absorção, que opera principalmente através do chamado real balance effect – a reação dos agentes à modificação de seu estoque real de moeda, que os leva a modificar a absorção (isto é, a aumentar ou reduzir seus gastos) para restabelecer o estoque real de moeda que desejam manter. This study aims to examine the theoretical literature concerning exchange-rate and balance-of-payments determination, in order to investigate how an exchange rate change may affect one country’s foreign trade flows. Therefore, we analyze the different categories of balance-of-payments models – the elasticities and absorption approaches, monetary and portfolio balance models, and the intertemporal optimization approach aiming to identify the main transmission mechanisms by which the change in exchange rate levels can influence the behavior of external accounts, particularly exports and imports. It is possible to identify two main routes by which this interaction occurs: the relative prices effect (ie, the change in the real exchange rate, which influences the decisions of supply and demand in the economy, and decisions on imports and exports in particular), which depends on the sensitivity of imports and exports to the real exchange rate; and the direct effect on absorption, which operates mainly through the so called “real balance effect” – the reaction of agents to changes in their real money stock, which leads them to modify absorption (increase or decrease your expenses) to restore the real balances they wish to maintain.

Suggested Citation

  • Flavio Lyrio Carneiro, 2014. "A Influência da Taxa de Câmbio Sobre os Fluxos de Comércio Exterior," Discussion Papers 1967, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1967
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