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Participação Social Como Método de Governo? Um Mapeamento das "Interfaces Socioestatais" Nos Programas Federais

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  • Roberto Pires
  • Alexandre Vaz

Abstract

Nas últimas décadas, fez-se perceptível a disseminação de formas de interação e colaboração de cidadãos, grupos da sociedade e atores privados na formulação, implementação e monitoramento de políticas públicas. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar um mapeamento analítico de tais formas de interlocução e contato entre Estado e sociedade nos programas desenvolvidos pelo governo federal. Para tal recupera-se a noção de "interfaces socioestatais" como base analítica capaz de acomodar um amplo espectro de interações Estado-sociedade, que vão desde a participação social em fóruns coletivos e deliberativos, como os conselhos e conferências nacionais, às formas mais restritas e individualizadas de contato, como ouvidorias, serviços de atendimento ao cidadão etc. A partir da sistematização e análise de dados oriundos do Sistema de Informações Gerenciais e de Planejamento (Sigplan) foi possível levantar informações sobre as interfaces existentes em todos os programas do governo federal de 2002 a 2010. Com base nestas informações, o presente artigo apresenta análises descritivas longitudinais e inferenciais para a construção de um mapeamento das interfaces socioestatais, levando em consideração i) sua evolução e disseminação nos programas e órgãos federais; ii) sua diversificação em tipos e formatos; iii) as associações entre tais tipos/formatos e áreas temáticas das políticas públicas e, por fim; e iv) os significados e contribuições destas interfaces para a gestão dos programas. Conclui-se que, nos últimos anos, emergiu no Brasil algo como uma "ecologia" complexa das relações Estado-sociedade, na qual distintas formas de interação tendem a cumprir papéis diferenciados na gestão e a se associar a ambientes e áreas específicas de políticas públicas. The last decades witnessed the wide dissemination of forms of interaction and collaboration between governments, citizens, civil society and private sector actors in the design, implementation and monitoring of public policies in Brazil. This paper is an attempt to analytically map the evolution and characteristics of such forms of interaction between state and society in the programs carried out by the federal government. In order to be able to deal with a wide variety of forms of state-society interaction, which includes citizen participation in deliberative forums as well as more. individualized forms of interaction such as ombudsman and call centers, we mobilize the concept of "state-society interfaces". The analyses are based on an original dataset - the Managerial and Planning Information System (SIGPLAN) maintained by the Ministry of Planning - which allowed for the investigation of state-society interface in all programs developed by the federal government from 2002 to 2010. We ran both descriptive longitudinal as well as inferential analyses in order to survey: i) the evolution and dissemination of state-society interfaces in federal programs and bureaucracies; ii) the diversity of types and formats of these interfaces; iii) the associations between types/formats of interfaces and areas of public policy; and iv) the meanings and actual contributions of these interfaces to the federal programs attributed by their own managers. The findings suggest the emergence, in the last decade, of a complex "ecology" of state-society relations in Brazil. According to which distinct forms of statesociety interaction tend to perform different roles in program management and to be associated to specific areas of public policy and their varied institutional environments.

Suggested Citation

  • Roberto Pires & Alexandre Vaz, 2012. "Participação Social Como Método de Governo? Um Mapeamento das "Interfaces Socioestatais" Nos Programas Federais," Discussion Papers 1707, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1707
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