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Mensurando o Resultado Fiscal das Operações de Empréstimo do Tesouro ao BNDES: Custo ou Ganho Líquido Esperado para a União?

Author

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  • Thiago Rabelo Pereira
  • Adriano Simões
  • André Carvalhal

Abstract

Existe um grande debate sobre o impacto fiscal dos empréstimos do Tesouro Nacional (TN) ao Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (BNDES). Dado que os empréstimos possuem custo indexado majoritariamente à Taxa de Juros de Longo Prazo (TJLP), há, em princípio, subsídio igual à diferença entre o custo de financiamento da União em mercado e a TJLP. No entanto, tal cálculo ignora os ganhos fiscais resultantes das operações viabilizados pelo empréstimo da União, entre eles: i) o lucro do BNDES com essas operações, que retorna à União através de dividendos, tributos e lucros retidos; ii) ganho fiscal de curto prazo, decorrente da expansão do produto e da renda da economia propiciada pela expansão dos investimentos viabilizados pelo empréstimo da União; e iii ) ganho fiscal de longo prazo, resultante do fato de que a capacidade produtiva da economia será maior nos próximos anos, viabilizando maior crescimento da demanda sem pressionar inflação, um maior Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) no longo prazo e uma arrecadação fiscal mais elevada. Calculando-se adequadamente os custos e ganhos fiscais resultantes dos empréstimos de R$ 180 bilhões em 2009 e 2010, chega-se a resultados esperados positivos sobre as contas públicas federais, ou seja, existe, em vez do alegado custo fiscal, um ganho fiscal líquido. There is a lot of debate about the fiscal impact of the National Treasury loans to BNDES. Given that the interest rates of the loans are mostly indexed to TJLP, there is, in principle, a fiscal cost equal to the difference between TJLP and the market rates of Treasury debt. However, this calculation ignores the tax gains resulting from operations made possible by the Treasury loans, such as: i ) profits of BNDES resulting from these transactions, which return to the National Treasury through dividends, taxes and retained earnings, ii ) short-term tax gains, due to the expansion of economic output and income through the increase of investments made possible by the Treasury loans, and iii ) long-term tax gains resulting from the fact that the economy?s productive capacity will be higher in the coming years, enabling further growth without pressing demand inflation, and generating higher tax revenues. Properly calculating the tax costs and gains resulting from the Treasury loans of R$ 180 billion in 2009 and 2010, we show that, instead of a fiscal cost, there is a net tax gain.

Suggested Citation

  • Thiago Rabelo Pereira & Adriano Simões & André Carvalhal, 2011. "Mensurando o Resultado Fiscal das Operações de Empréstimo do Tesouro ao BNDES: Custo ou Ganho Líquido Esperado para a União?," Discussion Papers 1665, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1665
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    Cited by:

    1. Lazzarini, Sergio G. & Musacchio, Aldo & Bandeira-de-Mello, Rodrigo & Marcon, Rosilene, 2015. "What Do State-Owned Development Banks Do? Evidence from BNDES, 2002–09," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 237-253.

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