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Critérios de Justiça Distributiva em Saúde

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  • Roberto Passos Nogueira

Abstract

São discutidas neste trabalho diferentes concepções sobre critérios distributivos em saúde com base na noção de equidade. Tem-se como principal pressuposto que as necessidades de saúde constituem simultaneamente necessidades de segurança social. As questões da equidade e dos limites da distribuição de serviços de saúde são analisadas a partir da conformação histórica da seguridade social no Brasil e dos ideais de igualdade e universalidade de acesso e integralidade da assistência defendidos pelo Movimento Sanitário nos anos 1980, os quais deram origem ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). É salientada a emergência, ao longo dessa história institucional, de um conflito entre racionalidades distributivas de três tipos: a securitária, a sanitária e a seguridade social. A articulação filosófica entre a saúde e a segurança social é realizada por meio do conceito de habilidade fundamental, tendo por referência o pensamento de Martin Heidegger e a noção similar apresentada por Amartya Sen. Conclui-se ser necessário que as políticas do SUS se pautem mais explicitamente pela racionalidade da seguridade social, ao considerar a saúde como sustentáculo das habilidades fundamentais humanas. Different conceptions about distribution criteria in health services are discussed based on the notion of fairness, and in the assumption that health requirements are simultaneously social security needs. Issues of equity and limits in distribution of health services are highlighted as they are extracted from the history of social security in Brazil and the ideals of equality and universality of access and integrality of care pursued by Brazilian Health Movement in the 1980s, which led to the creation of Unified Health System (SUS). Along this institutional history, it is emphasized the emergence of a conflict among the social insurance, the sanitarian and the social security rationalities. The linkage between health and social security is studied through the concept of fundamental capabilities, according to Martin Heidegger`s philosophy and similar concept presented by Amartya Sen. Concluding, it is stated that SUS policies should refer themselves more explicitly to the principles of social security rationality having the aim of preserving health as a fulcrum of fundamental human capabilities.

Suggested Citation

  • Roberto Passos Nogueira, 2011. "Critérios de Justiça Distributiva em Saúde," Discussion Papers 1591, Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA.
  • Handle: RePEc:ipe:ipetds:1591
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