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El Efecto del Voto Obligatorio Sobre las Políticas Redistributivas: Teoría y Evidencia para un Corte Transversal de Países

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  • Juan José Matta

    (Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.)

Abstract

En el siguiente trabajo sostengo que los esquemas de voto obligatorio promueven un mayor nivel de redistribución del ingreso. El voto obligatorio no sólo provocaría un aumento de la participación electoral, sino que también reduciría el llamado sesgo de clase social en la participación electoral, ampliamente documentado en la literatura de ciencia política, según el cual cuando el voto es voluntario los pobres están sub-representados en el electorado. Esta recomposición del electorado generaría incentivos para que, en un contexto de competencia electoral, la oferta política converja hacia un mayor nivel de redistribución. Para dar formalidad a la hipótesis anterior, presento un modelo simple de economía política que predice que la introducción de voto obligatorio coercitivo tendrá un efecto positivo sobre el gasto total de gobierno como porcentaje del ingreso, al imsmo tiempo que afectará la composición del mismo, favoreciendo el gasto redistributivo en perjuicio del gasto productivo. Desde un punto de vista empírico, presento evidencia de corte transversal que indica que países con voto obligatorio estrictamente coercitivo destinan hasta un 7% adicional del PIB y cerca de un 16% adicional del gasto total de gobierno a gasto social. La evidencia no es concluyente con respecto a la existencia de un efecto sobre el tamaño de gobierno.

Suggested Citation

  • Juan José Matta, 2009. "El Efecto del Voto Obligatorio Sobre las Políticas Redistributivas: Teoría y Evidencia para un Corte Transversal de Países," Working Papers ClioLab 3, EH Clio Lab. Instituto de Economía. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
  • Handle: RePEc:ioe:clabwp:3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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