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The Use of Blanket Guarantees in Banking Crises

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Author Info
Luc Laeven
Fabian Valencia

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Abstract

In episodes of significant banking distress or perceived systemic risk to the financial system, policymakers have often opted for issuing blanket guarantees on bank liabilities to stop or avoid widespread bank runs. In theory, blanket guarantees can prevent bank runs if they are credible. However, guarantee could add substantial fiscal costs to bank restructuring programs and may increase moral hazard going forward. Using a sample of 42 episodes of banking crises, this paper finds that blanket guarantees are successful in reducing liquidity pressures on banks arising from deposit withdrawals. However, banks' foreign liabilities appear virtually irresponsive to blanket guarantees. Furthermore, guarantees tend to be fiscally costly, though this positive association arises in large part because guarantees tend to be employed in conjunction with extensive liquidity support and when crises are severe.

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Paper provided by International Monetary Fund in its series IMF Working Papers with number 08/250.

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Length: 43 pages
Date of creation: 28 Oct 2008
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:08/250

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Related research
Keywords: Banking crisis ; Loan guarantees ; Risk management ; Liquidity ; Bank credit ; Financial systems ; Moral hazard ;

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Kroszner, Randall S. & Laeven, Luc & Klingebiel, Daniela, 2007. "Banking crises, financial dependence, and growth," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(1), pages 187-228, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  2. Saunders, Anthony & Wilson, Berry, 1996. "Contagious Bank Runs: Evidence from the 1929-1933 Period," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 5(4), pages 409-423, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Dell'Ariccia, Giovanni & Detragiache, Enrica & Rajan, Raghuram, 2008. "The real effect of banking crises," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 17(1), pages 89-112, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  4. Luis Ignacio Jácome, 2008. "Central Bank Involvement in Banking Crises in Latin America," IMF Working Papers 08/135, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  5. Honohan, Patrick & Klingebiel, Daniela, 2003. "The fiscal cost implications of an accommodating approach to banking crises," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 27(8), pages 1539-1560, August. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Michael Bordo & Barry Eichengreen & Daniela Klingebiel & Maria Soledad Martinez-Peria, 2001. "Is the crisis problem growing more severe?," Economic Policy, CEPR, CES, MSH, vol. 16(32), pages 51-82, 04. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Bernanke, Ben S, 1983. "Nonmonetary Effects of the Financial Crisis in Propagation of the Great Depression," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 73(3), pages 257-76, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Peek, Joe & Rosengren, Eric S, 1997. "The International Transmission of Financial Shocks: The Case of Japan," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 87(4), pages 495-505, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  9. Michael Andrews & Alvaro Piris Chavarri & Yuri Kawakami & Olivier Frécaut & Dong He & David S. Hoelscher & Mats Josefsson & Marina Moretti & Marc Quintyn & Michael Taylor & Fernando-Luciano Delgado, 2004. "Managing Systemic Banking Crises," IMF Occasional Papers 224, International Monetary Fund.
  10. Diamond, Douglas W & Dybvig, Philip H, 1983. "Bank Runs, Deposit Insurance, and Liquidity," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 91(3), pages 401-19, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  11. Luis Ignacio Jácome, 2004. "The Late 1990s Financial Crisis in Ecuador: Institutional Weaknesses, Fiscal Rigidities, and Financial Dollarization at Work," IMF Working Papers 04/12, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  12. Michael W. Klein & Joe Peek & Eric S. Rosengren, 2002. "Troubled Banks, Impaired Foreign Direct Investment: The Role of Relative Access to Credit," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 92(3), pages 664-682, June. [Downloadable!]
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  13. Kane, Edward J. & Klingebiel, Daniela, 2004. "Alternatives to blanket guarantees for containing a systemic crisis," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 31-63, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Joe Peek & Eric S. Rosengren, 1999. "Japanese banking problems: implications for lending in the United States," New England Economic Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, issue Jan, pages 25-36. [Downloadable!]
  15. Ashoka Mody & Se-Jik Kim, 2005. "Managing Confidence in Emerging Market Bank Runs," IMF Working Papers 04/235, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
  16. Joe Peek & Eric S. Rosengren, 2000. "Collateral Damage: Effects of the Japanese Bank Crisis on Real Activity in the United States," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 90(1), pages 30-45, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  17. Luc Laeven & Fabian Valencia, 2008. "Systemic Banking Crises: A New Database," IMF Working Papers 08/224, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Schich, Sebastian T., 2009. "Challenges Associated with the Expansion of Deposit Insurance Coverage during Fall 2008," Economics Discussion Papers 2009-16, Kiel Institute for the World Economy. [Downloadable!]
  2. Luc Laeven & Fabian Valencia, 2008. "Systemic Banking Crises: A New Database," IMF Working Papers 08/224, International Monetary Fund. [Downloadable!]
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