The survey analyzes policies that provide flexibility for employers and security for workers in Asia. The cases exhibit distinct sub-regional patterns. India and Sri Lanka, in South Asia, provide (employer-based) ‘employment security’ and have not transitioned to broader systems of ‘labour market security’ as envisioned by the flexicurity model. China and Korea, in Northeast Asia, have made that transition over the past decade by reducing restrictions on retrenchment while introducing unemployment insurance and active measures. In Southeast Asia, Singapore and Malaysia offer flexible systems with strong active policies but low security in terms of employment protection and passive measures. The above characterizations apply to the formal economy. In China, India and Sri Lanka, where the informal and rural economies are large, governments have used public works, self-employment programs and skills training to support labour market outcomes.
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