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Hell to touch the sky? Private tutoring and academic achievement in Korea

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  • Álvaro Choi

    () (Universitat de Barcelona & IEB)

  • Jorge Calero

    () (Universitat de Barcelona & IEB)

  • Josep-Oriol Escardíbul

    () (Universitat de Barcelona & IEB)

Abstract

Although not exclusive to the Republic of Korea’s educational system, the pervasiveness of private tutoring, and its consequences, serve to distinguish it from systems operated in other countries. However, the identification of inefficiencies linked to this phenomenon have seen the educational authorities struggling against private tutoring since the 1980s. Yet, public policies have systematically failed because of the widely held belief that private tutoring services increase students’ academic performance. This paper quantifies the impact of time spent in private tutoring on the performance of students in the three competence fields assessed in the PISA-2006 (Programme for International Student Assessment). Instrumental variables are applied in a multilevel model framework in an attempt at addressing the endogeneity of the effects of private tutoring on academic performance. Our results indicate that the impact of time dedicated to private tutoring on academic performance depends on the particular competence: positive for mathematics, positive but decreasing for reading, and non-significant for science.

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Bibliographic Info

Paper provided by Institut d'Economia de Barcelona (IEB) in its series Working Papers with number 2011/10.

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Length: 29 pages
Date of creation: 2011
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:ieb:wpaper:2011/5/doc2011-10

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Keywords: private tutoring; demand for schooling; academic performance; PISA;

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  1. Banerjee, Abhijit & Cole, Shawn & Duflo, Esther & Linden, Leigh, 2006. "Remedying Education: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments in India," CEPR Discussion Papers 5446, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
  2. Changhui Kang, 2007. "The Effect of Private Tutoring Expenditures on Academic Performance: Evidence from a Nonparametric Bounding Method," Departmental Working Papers wp0706, National University of Singapore, Department of Economics.
  3. Dang, Hai-Anh, 2007. "The determinants and impact of private tutoring classes in Vietnam," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 26(6), pages 683-698, December.
  4. Daniel Suryadarma & Asep Suryahadi & Sudarno Sumarto & F. Halsey Rogers, 2006. "Improving Student Performance in Public Primary Schools in Developing Countries: Evidence from Indonesia," Education Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 14(4), pages 401-429.
  5. Roland Cheo & Euston Quah, 2005. "Mothers, Maids and Tutors: An Empirical Evaluation of their Effect on Children's Academic Grades in Singapore," Education Economics, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 13(3), pages 269-285.
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