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年金制度と生活保護制度

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Author Info
山重, 慎二
高畑, 純一郎
Abstract

本論文では、年金制度と生活保護制度の間に存在する密接な関係を理論的に分析する。まず、世代間リスク・シェアリングの観点から設計された賦課方式年金保険制度の下では、生活保護制度の導入は低所得者の年金加入の意欲を低下させ、低所得者の年金未加入問題が起こりうることが明らかにされる。そのような未加入問題を緩和するためには、高所得者が低所得者の年金保険料を引き下げる補助を行うことが必要になるが、本稿の基本モデルにおいては、そのような補助制度は、高所得者にとっても望ましい制度となり、低所得者も年金制度に加入することが示される。そこでは、生活保護制度は全く利用されないことになるが、(外生的に与えられる)生活保護制度が高所得者から低所得者への所得再分配を自発的に促す仕組みとして機能することが明らかにされる。しかしながら、世代間リスク・シェアリングにおける時間整合性の問題を明示的に考慮した賦課方式年金保険制度の下では、低所得者に補助を与えて年金保険に加入させるよりも、生活保護制度に依存させる方が高所得者にとっては望ましくなる場合が存在することが本稿の拡張モデルにおいて示される。, In this paper, we analyze close relationship between the pension system and the public assistance program. We first show that, under a pay-as-you-go pension system with a function of intergenerational risk-sharing, the public assistance program discourages low-income people to participate in the pension system. In order to encourage their participation to the pension system, the high-income people must provide some subsidy to them. In our basic model, we show that the high-income people will agree to provide the subsidy to the low-income people because bearing the cost of the public assistance is worse for them. Hence, everyone will participate in the pension system without coercion. Although the public assistance program is not used at all in this case, it functions as a redistributive mechanism. In an extended model in which we require the pension system to be time-consistent, we show that the subsidy to the low-income people must increase in time and it may reach at the level where the high-income people find it beneficial not to pay the subsidy to the low-income people but to let them rely on the public assistance.

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Paper provided by Graduate School of Economics, Hitotsubashi University in its series Discussion Papers with number 2009-06.

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Length: 19 p.
Date of creation: Jun 2009
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:hit:econdp:2009-06

Note: Pension System and Public Assistance Program
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This page was last updated on 2009-12-20.


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