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Trade and Location with Horizontal and Vertical Multi-Region Firms

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Author Info
Ekholm, Karolina () (The Research Institute of Industrial Economics)
Forslid, Rikard () (Lund University and CEPR)

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Abstract

This paper analyses the effect on agglomeration tendencies of allowing firms to become multi-region firms in a standard model of trade and location. More specifically, we introduce horizontal and vertical multi-region firms into the core-periphery (CP) model developed by Krugman (1991). The introduction of horizontal multi-region firms dampens the strong agglomeration effects found in the CP model by making the range of trade costs for which the core-periphery equilibrium occurs smaller. The introduction of vertical multi-region firms that can separate the location of headquarter activities from the location of production has two counteracting effects. First, headquarters have a strong tendency to agglomerate, and, in this sence, agglomeration tendencies are strengthened. Second, actual production tends to be more spread out, and, in this sense, they are weakened.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Research Institute of Industrial Economics in its series Working Paper Series with number 504.

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Length: 35 pages
Date of creation: 01 Oct 1998
Date of revision:
Publication status: Forthcoming in Scandinavian Journal of Economics.
Handle: RePEc:hhs:iuiwop:0504

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Postal: Research Institute of Industrial Economics, Box 55665, SE-102 15 Stockholm, Sweden
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Related research
Keywords: Trade; Location; Agglomeration; Multinational firms;

Other versions of this item:

Find related papers by JEL classification:
F12 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Models of Trade with Imperfect Competition and Scale Economies
F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
R12 - Urban, Rural, and Regional Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Size and Spatial Distributions of Regional Economic Activity; Interregional Trade (economic geography)

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References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Horstmann, Ignatius J. & Markusen, James R., 1992. "Endogenous market structures in international trade (natura facit saltum)," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(1-2), pages 109-129, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. S. Lael Brainard, 1993. "A Simple Theory of Multinational Corporations and Trade with a Trade-Off Between Proximity and Concentration," NBER Working Papers 4269, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  3. Markusen, James R. & Venables, Anthony J., 1996. "The Theory of Endowment, Intra-Industry and Multinational Trade," CEPR Discussion Papers 1341, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  4. Krugman, Paul R & Venables, Anthony J, 1995. "Globalization and the Inequality of Nations," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 110(4), pages 857-80, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  5. Ignatius J. Horstmann & James R. Markusen, 1990. "Endogenous Market Structures in International Trade," NBER Working Papers 3283, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Masahisa Fujita & Paul Krugman & Anthony J. Venables, 2001. "The Spatial Economy: Cities, Regions, and International Trade," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262561476.
  7. Krugman, Paul, 1991. "Increasing Returns and Economic Geography," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 99(3), pages 483-99, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Markusen, James R. & Venables, Anthony J., 1998. "Multinational firms and the new trade theory," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(2), pages 183-203, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  9. Helpman, Elhanan, 1984. "A Simple Theory of International Trade with Multinational Corporations," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 92(3), pages 451-71, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. K Behrens & P M Picard, 2005. "Welfare, home market effects, and horizontal foreign direct investment," The School of Economics Discussion Paper Series 0519, Economics, The University of Manchester. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  2. Kenmei Tsubota, 2009. "Location and organization choice of firms," KIER Working Papers 679, Kyoto University, Institute of Economic Research. [Downloadable!]
  3. Harry Garretsen & Jolanda Peeters, 2009. "FDI and the relevance of spatial linkages: do third-country effects matter for Dutch FDI?," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer, vol. 145(2), pages 319-338, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Ekholm, Karolina & Hakkala, Katariina, 2004. "Location of R&D and High-Tech Production by Vertically Integrated Multinationals," Working Paper Series 616, Research Institute of Industrial Economics. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  5. Becker, Sascha O. & Ekholm, Karolina & Jäckle, Robert & Mündler, Marc-Andreas, 2005. "Location choice and employment decisions : a comparison of German and Swedish multinationals," Discussion Paper Series 1: Economic Studies 2005,08, Deutsche Bundesbank, Research Centre. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  6. Harry Garretsen & Jolanda Peeters, 2007. "FDI and the Relevance of Spatial Linkages: do third country effects matter for Dutch FDI?," DNB Working Papers 162, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department. [Downloadable!]
  7. Strauss-Kahn, Vanessa & Vives, Xavier, 2006. "Why and where do headquarters move?," IESE Research Papers D/650, IESE Business School.
    Other versions:
  8. Rodrigo Alegria, 2006. "Countries, Regions and Multinational Firms: Location Determinants in the European Union," ERSA conference papers ersa06p143, European Regional Science Association. [Downloadable!]
  9. Peter Egger & Stefan Gruber & Mario Larch & Michael Pfaffermayr, 2005. "Knowledge-Capital Meets New Economic Geography," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo Group Munich. [Downloadable!]
    Other versions:
  10. James R. Markusen & Keith E. Maskus, 2001. "General-Equilibrium Approaches to the Multinational Firm: A Review of Theory and Evidence," NBER Working Papers 8334, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  11. Garretsen, Harry / Peeters, Jolanda, 2008. "FDI and the Relevance of Spatial Linkages: Do third Country Effects Matter for Dutch FDI?," CESifo Working Paper Series CESifo Working Paper No. , CESifo Group Munich. [Downloadable!]
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