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How Fast Do Banks Adjust? A Dynamic Model of Labor-Use with an Application to Swedish Banks

Author

Listed:
  • Kumbhakar, Subal C.

    (Department of Economics)

  • Heshmati, Almas

    (Dept. of Economic Statistics, Stockholm School of Economics)

  • Hjalmarsson, Lennart

    (Department of Economics)

Abstract

This paper deals with a dynamic adjustment process in which adjustment of a key variable input (labor) towards its desired level is modeled in a panel data context. The partial adjustment type model is extended to incorporate firm- and time-specific adjustment parameter. A flexible (translog) labor requirement function is used to represent the desired level of labor-use. It is specified as a function of a vector of outputs and other firm-specific variables. Labor-use inefficiency is defined as the ratio of actual to desired level of employment. Productivity growth is defined in terms of a shift in the labor requirement function. Swedish banking data is used as an application of the above model.

Suggested Citation

  • Kumbhakar, Subal C. & Heshmati, Almas & Hjalmarsson, Lennart, 2000. "How Fast Do Banks Adjust? A Dynamic Model of Labor-Use with an Application to Swedish Banks," SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance 411, Stockholm School of Economics, revised Nov 2001.
  • Handle: RePEc:hhs:hastef:0411
    as

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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kumbhakar, Subal C, et al, 2001. "The Effects of Deregulation on the Performance of Financial Institutions: The Case of Spanish Savings Banks," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 33(1), pages 101-120, February.
    2. Diewert, W E, 1974. "Functional Forms for Revenue and Factor Requirements Functions," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 15(1), pages 119-130, February.
    3. Berger, Allen N. & Humphrey, David B., 1997. "Efficiency of financial institutions: International survey and directions for future research," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 98(2), pages 175-212, April.
    4. Kumbhakar, Subal C & Sarkar, Subrata, 2003. "Deregulation, Ownership, and Productivity Growth in the Banking Industry: Evidence from India," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 35(3), pages 403-424, June.
    5. Baltagi, Badi H. & Griffin, James M., 1997. "Pooled estimators vs. their heterogeneous counterparts in the context of dynamic demand for gasoline," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 77(2), pages 303-327, April.
    6. Sealey, Calvin W, Jr & Lindley, James T, 1977. "Inputs, Outputs, and a Theory of Production and Cost at Depository Financial Institutions," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 32(4), pages 1251-1266, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Loof, Hans, 2004. "Dynamic optimal capital structure and technical change," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 15(4), pages 449-468, December.
    2. Aditi Bhattacharyya, 2012. "Adjustment of inputs and measurement of technical efficiency: A dynamic panel data analysis of the Egyptian manufacturing sectors," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 42(3), pages 863-880, June.
    3. Ilham Haouas & Mahmoud Yagoubi & Almas Heshmati, 2002. "Labour-Use Efficiency in Tunisian Manufacturing Industries: A Flexible Adjustment Model," WIDER Working Paper Series DP2002-103, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    4. Almas Heshmati & Ilham Haouas, 2004. "The effects of union wage-settings on firms' production factor decisions," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(7), pages 415-420.
    5. Piekkola, Hannu, 2006. "Tax cuts and employment: Evidence from Finnish linked employer-employee data," Discussion Papers 1041, The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy.
    6. Jaan Masso & Almas Heshmati, 2004. "The optimality and overuse of labour in Estonian manufacturing enterprises," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 12(4), pages 683-720, December.
    7. Spierdijk, Laura & Shaffer, Sherrill & Considine, Tim, 2017. "How do banks adjust to changing input prices? A dynamic analysis of U.S. commercial banks before and after the crisis," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 1-14.
    8. Muhamad, Goran M. & Heshmati, Almas & Khayyat, Nabaz T., 2021. "How to reduce the degree of dependency on natural resources?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 72(C).
    9. Lööf, Hans, 2003. "Dynamic Optimal Capital Structure and Technological Change," ZEW Discussion Papers 03-06, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    10. Haouas Ilham & Yagoubi Mahmoud & Heshmati Almas, 2003. "Labor-use Efficiency in Tunisian Manufacturing Industiries," Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 1(3), pages 1-20, December.
    11. Huang, Tai-Hsin & Chung, Ming-Tai, 2017. "Do undesirables matter on the examination of banking efficiency using stochastic directional distance functions," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 194-211.
    12. Banerjee, Saugata & Heshmati, Almas & Wihlborg, Clas, 1999. "The Dynamics of Capital Structure," SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance 333, Stockholm School of Economics, revised 21 Aug 2000.
    13. Khayyat, Nabaz T. & Heshmati, Almas, 2014. "Production Risk, Energy Use Efficiency and Productivity of Korean Industries," Working Paper Series in Economics and Institutions of Innovation 359, Royal Institute of Technology, CESIS - Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies.
    14. Cave, Joshua & Chaudhuri, Kausik & Kumbhakar, Subal C., 2023. "Dynamic firm performance and estimator choice: A comparison of dynamic panel data estimators," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 307(1), pages 447-467.
    15. Ralph de Haas & Marga Peeters, 2006. "The dynamic adjustment towards target capital structures of firms in transition economies," The Economics of Transition, The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, vol. 14(1), pages 133-169, March.
    16. Tran, Carolyn D.T.T. & Battese, George E. & Villano, Renato A., 2020. "Administrative capacity assessment in higher education: The case of universities in Vietnam," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    17. Heshmati, Almas & Ncube, Mkhululi, 1998. "A Flexible Adjustment Model of Employment with Application to Zimbabwe's Manufacturing Industries," SSE/EFI Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance 278, Stockholm School of Economics, revised 15 Aug 2003.
    18. Boogen, Nina, 2017. "Estimating the potential for electricity savings in households," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 288-300.
    19. Williams, Jonathan & Nguyen, Nghia, 2005. "Financial liberalisation, crisis, and restructuring: A comparative study of bank performance and bank governance in South East Asia," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(8-9), pages 2119-2154, August.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Productivity; Efficiency; Convergence; Labor-Use; Panel Data; Banking Industry;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • C51 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Construction and Estimation
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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