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Efficiency losses in milk marketing boards – the importance of exports

Author

Listed:
  • Brunstad, Rolf Jens

    (The Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration)

  • Gaasland, Ivar

    (Institute for Research in Economics and Business Administration)

Abstract

A milk marketing board (MMB) is a legislatively specified compulsory marketing institution, and a common way to regulate markets for dairy products. MMBs are based on price discrimination. As price discrimination leads to unequal profitability between products, receipts from sales are pooled and farmers receive a single price adjusted for composition and quality. It is well documented that price discrimination through MMBs incurs an efficiency loss to the society. Earlier contributions, Ippolito and Masson (1978) and Serck-Hansen (1979), point to the fact that a particular high loss is incurred if export of dairy products is included in the MMB. It proves difficult to find examples where this is the case. MMB countries are either large with a low export share in dairy products (USA and Japan), have economies of scale (Australia) or exports are excluded from the MMB arrangement (Canada). We find Norway to be the only example. Using a numerical model of the Norwegian agricultural sector we show that substantial efficiency gain may be achieved by deregulating the dairy sector, mainly due to the elimination of exports. It is estimated that a transition to cost based pricing may increase the economic surplus by 1.4 billion NOK, which is 25 % of the production value. This computed gain from deregulation is far larger than for the other MMB-countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Brunstad, Rolf Jens & Gaasland, Ivar, 2003. "Efficiency losses in milk marketing boards – the importance of exports," Working Papers in Economics 15/03, University of Bergen, Department of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:hhs:bergec:2003_015
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Isabelle Schluep & Harry Gorter, 1999. "The Law and Economics of “Consumer Only” Financed Export Subsidies: A Context for the WTO's Dispute Settlement Panel on Canadian Dairy Policy," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 47(4), pages 482-483, December.
    2. Tsunemasa Kawaguchi & Nobuhiro Suzuki & Harry M. Kaiser, 1997. "A Spatial Equilibrium Model for Imperfectly Competitive Milk Markets," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 79(3), pages 851-859.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Dairy policy; milk marketing boards; price discrimination; deregulation; numerical model.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C52 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Model Evaluation, Validation, and Selection
    • D58 - Microeconomics - - General Equilibrium and Disequilibrium - - - Computable and Other Applied General Equilibrium Models
    • Q13 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness

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