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No harm, no foul: The outcome bias in ethical judgments

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Author Info
Francesca Gino () (Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University)
Don A. Moore () (Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University)
Max H. Bazerman () (Harvard Business School, Negotiation, Organizations & Markets Unit)
Abstract

We present six studies demonstrating that outcome information biases ethical judgments of others' ethically-questionable behaviors. In particular, we show that the same behaviors produce more ethical condemnation when they happen to produce bad rather than good outcomes, even if the outcomes are determined by chance. Our studies show that individuals judge behaviors as less ethical, more blameworthy, and punish them more harshly, when such behaviors led to undesirable consequences, even if they saw those behaviors as acceptable before they knew its consequences. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that a rational, analytic mindset can override the effects of one's intuitions in ethical judgments. Implications for both research and practice are discussed.

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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Harvard Business School in its series Harvard Business School Working Papers with number 08-080.

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Length: 52 pages
Date of creation: Feb 2008
Date of revision: Apr 2009
Handle: RePEc:hbs:wpaper:08-080

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Related research
Keywords: outcome bias; unethical behavior; judgment; ethical decision making;

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  1. Hershey, John C. & Baron, Jonathan, 1992. "Judgment by outcomes: When is it justified?," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 53(1), pages 89-93, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Camerer, Colin & Loewenstein, George & Weber, Martin, 1989. "The Curse of Knowledge in Economic Settings: An Experimental Analysis," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 97(5), pages 1232-54, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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This page was last updated on 2009-11-19.


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