The Ethnic Composition of US Inventors

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The Ethnic Composition of US Inventors

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William R. Kerr () (Harvard Business School, Entrepreneurial Management Unit)

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William Kerr

Abstract

The ethnic composition of US scientists and engineers is undergoing a significant transformation. This study applies an ethnic-name database to individual patent records granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office to document these trends with greater detail than previously available. Most notably, the contributions of Chinese and Indian scientists to US technology formation increase dramatically in the 1990s, before noticeably leveling off after 2000 and declining in the case of India. Growth in ethnic innovation is concentrated in high-tech sectors; the institutional and geographic dimensions are further characterized.

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Paper provided by Harvard Business School in its series Working Papers with number 08-006.

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Length: 27 pages
Date of creation: Aug 2007
Date of revision:
Handle: RePEc:hbs:wpaper:08-006

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Find related papers by JEL classification:
F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
J44 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - Professional Labor Markets and Occupations
J61 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies - - - Geographic Labor Mobility; Immigrant Workers
O31 - Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth - - Technological Change - - - Innovation and Invention: Processes and Incentives

This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

NEP-ALL-2008-02-23 (All new papers)
NEP-CWA-2008-02-23 (Central & Western Asia)
NEP-IPR-2008-02-23 (Intellectual Property Rights)
NEP-MIG-2008-02-23 (Economics of Human Migration)
NEP-URE-2008-02-23 (Urban & Real Estate Economics)

References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:

Lee Branstetter & Yoshiaki Ogura, 2005. "Is Academic Science Driving a Surge in Industrial Innovation? Evidence from Patent Citations," NBER Working Papers 11561, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
Griliches, Zvi, 1990. "Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Survey," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 28(4), pages 1661-1707, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions:
- Zvi Griliches, 1991. "Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Survey," NBER Working Papers 3301, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
Jinyoung Kim & Gerald Marschke, 2004. "Accounting for the recent surge in U.S. patenting: changes in R&D expenditures, patent yields, and the high tech sector," Economics of Innovation and New Technology, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 13(6), pages 543-558, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions:
- Gerald Marschke & Jinyoung Kim, . "Accounting for the recent surge in U.S. patenting: Changes in R&D expenditures, patent yields, and the high tech sector," Discussion Papers 02-10, State University of New York at Albany, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
Bronwyn H. Hall & Adam B. Jaffe & Manuel Trajtenberg, 2001. "The NBER Patent Citation Data File: Lessons, Insights and Methodological Tools," NBER Working Papers 8498, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions:
- Hall, Bronwyn H & Jaffe, Adam B & Trajtenberg, Manuel, 2001. "The NBER Patent Citations Data File: Lessons, Insights and Methodological Tools," CEPR Discussion Papers 3094, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
- Hall, B. & Jaffe, A. & Trajtenberg, M., 2001. "The NBER Patent Citations Data File: Lessons, Insights and Methodological Tools," Papers 2001-29, Tel Aviv.
repec:fth:harver:1473 is not listed on IDEAS
Samuel Kortum & Josh Lerner, 2000. "Assessing the Contribution of Venture Capital to Innovation," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 31(4), pages 674-692, Winter.
Bronwyn H. Hall, 2005. "Exploring the Patent Explosion," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 30(2_2), pages 35-48, 01. [Downloadable!]
Other versions:
- Bronwyn H. Hall, 2004. "Exploring the Patent Explosion," NBER Working Papers 10605, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
- Bronwyn Hall, 2004. "Exploring the patent explosion," ESRC Centre for Business Research - Working Papers wp291, ESRC Centre for Business Research. [Downloadable!]
William R. Kerr, 2005. "Ethnic Scientific Communities and International Technology Diffusion," Working Papers 06-022, Harvard Business School, revised Apr 2007. [Downloadable!]
George J. Borjas, 2004. "Do Foreign Students Crowd Out Native Students from Graduate Programs?," NBER Working Papers 10349, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
Richard B. Freeman, 2005. "Does Globalization of the Scientific/Engineering Workforce Threaten U.S. Economic Leadership?," NBER Working Papers 11457, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
Keller, Wolfgang, 2002. " Trade and the Transmission of Technology," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 7(1), pages 5-24, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
Other versions:
- Wolfgang Keller, 1997. "Trade and the Transmission of Technology," Development and Comp Systems 9707001, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
- Wolfgang Keller, 1996. "Trade and the Transmission of Technology," Development and Comp Systems 9609001, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]

Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

William Kerr & Shihe Fu, 2006. "The Industry R&D Survey: Patent Database Link Project," Working Papers 06-28, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau. [Downloadable!]
Other versions:
- William R. Kerr & Shihe Fu, 2006. "The Industry R&D Survey – Patent Database Link Project," Working Papers 07-031, Harvard Business School. [Downloadable!]
Vitor Trindade & Johannes Moenius, 2007. "Networks, Standards and Intellectual Property Rights," Working Papers 0705, Department of Economics, University of Missouri. [Downloadable!]
William R. Kerr, 2005. "Ethnic Scientific Communities and International Technology Diffusion," Working Papers 06-022, Harvard Business School, revised Apr 2007. [Downloadable!]

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This page was last updated on 2008-7-18.

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