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Leverage as a Conditioning Variable for Employment: An Analysis of a Panel of West German Manufacturing Firms

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Author Info
Michael Funke ()
Holger Strulik ()

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Abstract

This paper reports an attempt to implement financial factors into a neoclassical model of optimal factor demand. The theoretical shows that factor demand decisions of firms operating under monopolistic competition or with decreasing returns to scale are affected by financial restrictions. The theoretical model is estimated using West German firm data from 1987 to 1994.

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File URL: http://www.rrz.uni-hamburg.de/wst/qmwps/qm498.ps
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Publisher Info
Paper provided by Hamburg University, Department of Economics in its series Quantitative Macroeconomics Working Papers with number 19804.

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Date of creation: Apr 1998
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Handle: RePEc:ham:qmwops:19804

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Related research
Keywords: Financial Restrictions; Labour Demand; Panel Data;

Find related papers by JEL classification:
J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data

References listed on IDEAS
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  1. Hubbard, R Glenn & Kashyap, Anil K, 1992. "Internal Net Worth and the Investment Process: An Application to U.S. Agriculture," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 100(3), pages 506-34, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  2. Bond, Stephen & Meghir, Costas, 1994. "Dynamic Investment Models and the Firm's Financial Policy," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 61(2), pages 197-222, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  3. Casey B. Mulligan & Xavier Sala-i-Martin, 1992. "Transitional Dynamics in Two-Sector Models of Endogenous Growth," NBER Working Papers 3986, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  4. Arellano, Manuel & Bond, Stephen, 1991. "Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 58(2), pages 277-97, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  5. Mankiw, N Gregory & Romer, David & Weil, David N, 1992. "A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, MIT Press, vol. 107(2), pages 407-37, May. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  6. Calomiris, Charles W & Hubbard, R Glenn, 1990. "Firm Heterogeneity, Internal Finance, and 'Credit Rationing.'," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 100(399), pages 90-104, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  7. Robert J. Barro & Paul Romer, 1993. "Economic Growth," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number barr93-1.
    Other versions:
    • Robert J. Barro & Paul M. Romer, 1991. "Economic Growth," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number barr91-1.
  8. Funke, Michael, et al, 1998. " The Employment-Financing Nexus: Evidence from a Panel of West German Firms," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 11(3), pages 225-35, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Bresson, G & Kramarz, F & Sevestre, P, 1992. "Heterogeneous Labor and the Dynamics of Aggregate Labor Demand: Some Estimations Using Panel Data," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 17(1), pages 153-68.
  10. Nickell, Stephen & Wadhwani, Sushil, 1991. "Employment Determination in British Industry: Investigations Using Micro-data," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 58(5), pages 955-69, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  11. Martin Brunner & Holger Strulik, 1997. "Efficient Techniques to Analyze Transitional Dynamics in Models of Economic Growth," Quantitative Macroeconomics Working Papers 19702, Hamburg University, Department of Economics. [Downloadable!]
  12. R. Glenn Hubbard, 1998. "Capital-Market Imperfections and Investment," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 36(1), pages 193-225, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  13. Charles W. Calomiris & Athanasios Orphanides & Steven A. Sharpe, 1994. "Leverage as a state variable for employment, inventory accumulation, and fixed investment," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 94-24, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    Other versions:
  14. Nickell, S. & Nicolitsas, D., 1995. "How Does Financial Pressure Affect Firms," Economics Series Working Papers 99170, University of Oxford, Department of Economics.
    Other versions:
  15. Wadhwani, Sushil B, 1987. "The Effects of Inflation and Real Wages on Employment," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 54(213), pages 21-40, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  16. Alan J. Auerbach, 1984. "Taxes, Firm Financial Policy and the Cost of Capital: An Empirical Analysis," NBER Working Papers 0955, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  17. Anderson, T. W. & Hsiao, Cheng, 1982. "Formulation and estimation of dynamic models using panel data," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 47-82, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  18. Sharpe, Steven A, 1994. "Financial Market Imperfections, Firm Leverage, and the Cyclicality of Employment," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 84(4), pages 1060-74, September. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
    Other versions:
  19. Nickell, Stephen & Wadhwani, Sushil, 1988. "Unions, wages and employment : Tests based on U.K. firm-level data," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(2-3), pages 727-733, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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