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La place de la notion de chômage involontaire dans la théorie keynésienne de l'emploi

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Author Info
Alain Béraud () (THEMA - Théorie économique, modélisation et applications - CNRS : UMR8184 - Université de Cergy Pontoise)

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Abstract

La notion de chômage involontaire a longtemps occupé dans la théorie économique un rôle central. L’expression apparaît très tôt, dès le début du 20ème siècle, quand les économistes commencèrent à s’intéresser au chômage. Elle désigne simplement les chômeurs qui accepteraient de travailler au taux de salaire courant. Keynes donna de cette expression un définition différente, beaucoup plus étroite. Le chômage involontaire est, selon lui, le chômage qui trouve son origine dans l’insuffisance de la demande de biens. Au début des années 1970, Phelps, Alchian et Holt lui opposèrent une analyse où les agents ne disposent que d’une information imparfaite sur les salaires et les emplois. Leur idées furent reprises et développées notamment par Diamond, Mortensen et Pissarides. Dans la théorie du chômage d’équilibre, l’opposition entre chômage volontaire et chômage involontaire n’a pas de sens, que l’on définisse le chômage involontaire comme le faisait Keynes ou, plus simplement, comme l’offre de travail excédentaire. Mais, plus fondamentalement, ce que cette approche rejette c’est l’idée que l’on peut faire abstraction du « chômage frictionnel » dans l’analyse de la détermination du niveau de l’emploi. La décomposition du chômage en une série de catégories — frictionnel, cyclique, volontaire, involontaire… — n’est pas susceptible de nous aider dans une analyse théorique ou empirique du chômage.

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Paper provided by HAL in its series Working Papers with number halshs-00269396_v1.

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Date of creation: 02 Apr 2008
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Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:halshs-00269396_v1

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Keywords: Chômage volontaire; chômage d’équilibre; solution de marchandage de Nash; rigidité des salaires; fonction d’appariement; Keynes; Beveridge; Phelps; Diamond; Mortensen; Pissarides.;

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  7. Mortensen, Dale T. & Pissarides, Christopher A., 1999. "Job reallocation, employment fluctuations and unemployment," Handbook of Macroeconomics, in: J. B. Taylor & M. Woodford (ed.), Handbook of Macroeconomics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 18, pages 1171-1228 Elsevier. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  8. Edmund S. Phelps, 1968. "Money-Wage Dynamics and Labor-Market Equilibrium," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 76, pages 678. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Nash, John, 1950. "The Bargaining Problem," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 18(2), pages 155-162, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. Mortensen, Dale T & Pissarides, Christopher A, 1994. "Job Creation and Job Destruction in the Theory of Unemployment," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 61(3), pages 397-415, July. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  11. Christopher A. Pissarides, 2007. "The Unemployment Volatility Puzzle: Is Wage Stickiness the Answer?," CEP Discussion Papers dp0839, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE. [Downloadable!]
  12. Robert E. Hall & Paul R. Milgrom, 2008. "The Limited Influence of Unemployment on the Wage Bargain," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 98(4), pages 1653-74, September. [Downloadable!]
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  13. Olivier Blanchard & Jordi Galí, 2007. "A New Keynesian Model with Unemployment," CFS Working Paper Series 2007/08, Center for Financial Studies. [Downloadable!]
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  14. Diamond, Peter A, 1982. "Wage Determination and Efficiency in Search Equilibrium," Review of Economic Studies, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 49(2), pages 217-27, April. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  15. Robert E. Hall, 2005. "Employment Fluctuations with Equilibrium Wage Stickiness," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 95(1), pages 50-65, March. [Downloadable!]
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  18. Olivier Blanchard & Jordi Galí, 2007. "Real Wage Rigidities and the New Keynesian Model," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 39(s1), pages 35-65, 02. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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