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Exonérations ou investissement social ? Une évaluation du coût d'opportunité de la stratégie française pour l'emploi

Author

Listed:
  • Bruno Palier

    (CEE - Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (Sciences Po, CNRS) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Clément Carbonnier

    (CEE - Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (Sciences Po, CNRS) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Michaël Zemmour

    (CEE - Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (Sciences Po, CNRS) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

La France est l'un des pays où les politiques d'exemptions fiscales et d'exonérations de cotisations sociales sont les plus développées. Le coût budgétaire des dispositifs mis en place dans le seul domaine de la protection sociale et de l'emploi dépasse les 90 milliards d'euros (hors CICE). Après un examen systématique des travaux universitaires sur ces politiques, nous évaluons l'efficacité de deux de ces programmes, parmi les plus coûteux et les mieux connus, visant spécifiquement à faire baisser le coût du travail des emplois peu qualifiés. Sur les 27 milliards consacrés aux exonérations générales de cotisations employeur et aux dispositifs concernant l'emploi de salariés à domicile, plus de 6 milliards d'euros sont consacrés à des poli-tiques dont le coût est supérieur à 62 500 € par an et par emploi créé, dont 1,9 milliard d'euros à des politiques dont le coût est supérieur à 160 000 € par an et par emploi créé. Nous examinons la possibilité de remplacer une partie de ces dépenses fiscales par le financement direct par l'État d'emplois « de qualité » (publics ou privés) répondant à des besoins sociaux spécifiques. Nous examinons les conditions dans lesquelles des résultats au moins comparables en termes d'emploi (ainsi que d'éventuelles externalités positives économiques ou sociales) pourraient être obtenus par une telle politique. Nous montrons que le basculement du budget actuellement consacré à la part la moins efficace des dépenses fiscales (celles qui visent les plus hauts salaires ou les ménages aux revenus les plus élevés) vers le financement public des services sociaux n'aurait pas d'effet néfaste pour l'emploi à court terme. Nous tenons compte du risque d'éviction d'emplois privés par la subvention publique ainsi que des caractéristiques propres aux emplois du secteur des services sociaux.

Suggested Citation

  • Bruno Palier & Clément Carbonnier & Michaël Zemmour, 2014. "Exonérations ou investissement social ? Une évaluation du coût d'opportunité de la stratégie française pour l'emploi," Working Papers hal-01087479, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01087479
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-01087479
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lucie DAVOINE & Christine ERHEL & Mathilde GUERGOAT-LARIVIERE, 2008. "Monitoring quality in work: European Employment Strategy indicators and beyond," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 147(2-3), pages 163-198, June.
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    3. Lucie Davoine & Christine Erhel & Mathilde Guergoat-Larivière, 2008. "Monitoring quality in work: european employment strategy indicators and beyond," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) halshs-00317347, HAL.
    4. Lucie Davoine & Christine Erhel & Mathilde Guergoat-Larivière, 2008. "Monitoring quality in work: european employment strategy indicators and beyond," Post-Print halshs-00317347, HAL.
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