Résider en ZUS influe-t-il sur la mobilité quotidienne des actifs ? Une analyse économétrique à partir de l’Enquête Ménages Déplacements de Lyon 2006

Does living in deprived urban areas impact the daily mobility of workers ? An econometric analysis from the household travel survey of Lyon (2006) This article addresses the issue of the lack of access in deprived urban zones (« zus » for « sensitive urban zones ») that the French urban policy aims to reduce. This study evaluates the impact of the place of residence of the entire employed active persons of Lyon metropolitan area on their whole daily mobility and on their commuting, by identifying the specific effect of living in a neighborhood with or without a zus. The analysis is based on the Household Travel Survey conducted in the Lyon urban area in 2006, enhanced with contextual indicators extracted from geographical databases. Results of multivariate models show that living in a neighborhood with a zus reduces not only the number of workers' trips but also their daily travel distance and travel time. The own contribution of the effect of living in a neighborhood with a zus is in the order of minus 2 km and 7 min per day. By contrast, when we restrict our analysis to commuting trips, we observe an opposite effect : all other things being equal, the workers living in a neighborhood with a zus travel longer distances than their counterparts living in a neighborhood without zus (1.5 km more, for 10% more travel time). These differences are moderate but statistically significant. They rather confirm the hypotheses of lack of access and of spatial mismatch faced by the active population of deprived urban zones and are an incentive to carry out such analyses in other urban contexts.