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Allocataires du RSA, entre retour au travail et stratégies alternatives. De l'émancipation face à la domination de la valeur

Author

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  • Élie Chosson

    (CREG - Centre de recherche en économie de Grenoble - UPMF - Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2)

Abstract

Notre objectif est de justifier les hypothèses à partir desquelles nous menons un suivi des allocataires du RSA en Isère. Notre première hypothèse concerne la mauvaise qualité des trajectoires de retour à l'emploi des allocataires, de quoi découle notre seconde hypothèse concernant la possibilité de stratégies de détournement de l'emploi, associées à des stratégies d'acquisition de valeurs d'usages non marchandes. Ces hypothèses résultent du choix de produire une pensée contextualisée du travail, c'est-à-dire pensant le travail dans un environnement naturel borné et se décalant de ses formes sociales dominantes. Nous présenterons dans une première partie le cadre théorique qui permet cette contextualisation. Nous ferons référence aux analyses "historicistes" du travail, issues notamment d'une relecture de la théorie de la valeur travail de Marx. Il s'agit de mettre en évidence le rôle de médiation sociale qui est attribué au travail subsumé sous la valeur dans le capitalisme et la dynamique immanente et contradictoire qui en découle. Dans un second temps, nous pourrons étudier le RSA au prisme de cette dynamique immanente. Nous l'analysons comme une tentative de renforcement de la norme du travail emploi, grâce à un accompagnement de l'extension de la sphère marchande et à la mobilisation d'une offre de travail nouvelle par le biais de contreparties imposées. Ceci contribuera à produire des trajectoires professionnelles instables, marquées par un retour à l'emploi faible et de mauvaise qualité. Nous l'illustrerons grâce à nos données. Pour finir, nous verrons comment, le travail étant devenu un "bien invendable", les allocataires se détourneront de ses formes capitalistes. Nous pourrons ici présenter notre enquête de terrain effectué à partir des collectifs et projets d'allocataires qui émergent en Isère dans ce sens. Mais nous verrons que ces pratiques, si elles sont effectivement alternatives, ne sont pas nécessairement la marque d'une véritable émancipation.

Suggested Citation

  • Élie Chosson, 2013. "Allocataires du RSA, entre retour au travail et stratégies alternatives. De l'émancipation face à la domination de la valeur," Post-Print halshs-00904287, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00904287
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00904287
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

    aide sociale; parcours professionnel; théorie de la valeur; emploi; accès à l'emploi; revenu de solidarité active; France; Isère;
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