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Russie-Caspienne : l'enjeu de la diversification gazière de l'UE

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  • Catherine Locatelli

    () (LEPII - Laboratoire d'Économie de la Production et de l'Intégration Internationale - CNRS : UMR5252 - Université Pierre Mendès-France - Grenoble II)

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    Abstract

    Les crises gazières entre la Russie et l'Ukraine ont mis au premier plan des politiques énergétiques de l'Europe la question de sa sécurité gazière. Dans le même temps, la libéralisation des marchés gaziers de l'UE est susceptible à terme de profondément changer les relations entre fournisseurs et consommateurs jusque là organisées autour des contrats Take or Pay. C'est dans ce contexte qu'est envisagée par l'UE l'ouverture d'un 4e corridor d'approvisionnement en gaz naturel. Ce dernier se présente tout à la fois comme une diversification des routes et des sources d'approvisionnement en gaz naturel. Mais différentes variables mettent plus ou moins en question cette stratégie. La crise d'août 2008 entre la Géorgie et la Russie a démontré la fragilité et l'instabilité d'un approvisionnement de l'Europe par la « voie caucasienne » à partir du gaz de la Caspienne. La matérialisation du « corridor Sud » dépendra de facteurs économiques mais aussi de facteurs plus géopolitiques ayant trait à des incertitudes politiques régionales majeures.

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    File URL: http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/54/15/04/PDF/CL_CR25-2009.pdf
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    Bibliographic Info

    Paper provided by HAL in its series Post-Print with number halshs-00541504.

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    Date of creation: 2010
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    Publication status: Published, Revue d'Etudes Comparatives Est-Ouest, 2010, 41, 3, 71-89
    Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00541504

    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00541504/en/
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    Related research

    Keywords: SECURITE D'APPROVISIONNEMENT ; GAZ NATUREL ; UNION EUROPEENNE ; RUSSIE ; CASPIENNE ; GEOPOLITIQUE;

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    1. Jacques Percebois, 2008. "The supply of natural gas in the European Union-strategic issues," OPEC Energy Review, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, vol. 32(1), pages 33-53, 03.
    2. Catherine Locatelli, 2008. "Gazprom's export strategies under the institutional constraint of the Russian gas market," OPEC Energy Review, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, vol. 32(3), pages 246-264, 09.
    3. Finon, Dominique & Locatelli, Catherine, 2008. "Russian and European gas interdependence: Could contractual trade channel geopolitics?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 423-442, January.
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