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Réformes de la recherche publique au Japon : rénovation en cours

Author

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  • Hiroatsu Nohara

    (LEST - Laboratoire d'Economie et de Sociologie du Travail - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Depuis la prise de conscience de la primauté stratégique des « actifs intellectuels » au milieu des années 90, l'Etat japonais a promu une série de reformes. Ces réformes peuvent être interprétées comme une transition, selon la typologie d'Ergas, du modèle de «missionoriented» s'apparentant à une organisation de l'innovation « top-down » vers un modèle de «diffusion-oriented» proche des stratégies anglo-saxonnes ou américaines qui privilégient un pilotage plus interactif. Ainsi, les universités nationales ou les laboratoires nationaux, désormais libres de leurs choix stratégiques, sont plus que jamais sollicités pour contribuer, grâce à la mobilisation de leur stock de connaissances, à la redynamisation d'une économie japonaise affaiblie par une longue période de déflation : soit au moyen d'une collaboration plus étroite avec les grands groupes industriels qui continuent eux-mêmes à explorer les frontières technologiques ; soit en transférant leurs connaissances vers des PME ou en créant directement leurs propres start-up. Ces divers mouvements de transfert des connaissances produisent d'ores et déjà d'appréciables retombées sur l'hybridation entre science et technologie, en concourant à renouveler la compétitivité du tissu industriel japonais, en particulier celui des PME à haut potentiel technologique. Mais il est vrai, aussi, que les universités japonaises se trouvent écartelées entre les différentes missions que la société leur assigne. Il est primordial qu'elles puissent maîtriser au mieux les tensions inhérentes à la coexistence d' horizons temporels différents ou d' intérêts divergents dans la coopération science/industrie. L'émergence de nouveaux liens de coopération s'opérera donc à travers un parcours d'essais et d'erreurs parfois douloureux, et avec l'invention de nouvelles règles et pratiques adaptées au contexte de la société japonaise.

Suggested Citation

  • Hiroatsu Nohara, 2006. "Réformes de la recherche publique au Japon : rénovation en cours," Post-Print halshs-00391136, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00391136
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00391136
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Caroline Lanciano-Morandat & Hiroatsu Nohara & Eric Verdier, 2006. "Higher Education Systems and Industrial Innovation," Post-Print halshs-00391812, HAL.
    2. Motohashi, Kazuyuki, 2005. "University-industry collaborations in Japan: The role of new technology-based firms in transforming the National Innovation System," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 583-594, June.
    3. repec:hal:journl:halshs-00391812_v1 is not listed on IDEAS
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