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L'agriculture et l'élargissement de l'Union européenne aux PECO : l'intégration, un atout pour la transition, une épreuve pour la PAC

Author

Listed:
  • L.P. Mahé

    (ESR - Unité de recherche d'Économie et Sociologie Rurales - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique)

  • J. Cordier

    (Inconnu)

  • Hervé Guyomard

    (ESR - Unité de recherche d'Économie et Sociologie Rurales - INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique)

  • T.L. Roe

    (Inconnu)

Abstract

L'élargissement de l'Union européenne (UE) aux pays d'Europe centrale et orientale (PECO), Pologne, Hongrie, République Tchèque et Slovaque, Roumanie et Bulgarie, est de grande ampleur du point de vue démographique et surtout agricole : avant 1990, leur population représentait 27% de celle des Douze, mais leur agriculture représentait entre 20 et 50% selon les produits. Cependant les PECO sont beaucoup plus pauvres et agricoles que la moyenne des pays de l'UE. Le poids de l'agriculture dans le PNB y est plus élevé et, plus encore celui de l'emploi agricole. Avant les réformes, la part de l'alimentation dans le budget des ménages était encore de 33%. L'agriculture est un point sensible dans toute intégration. Ce sera le cas pour l'élargissement à l'Est à cause de leur grand potentiel agricole. La transition dans les PECO est lente. De nombreux blocages freinent les réformes. La privatisation est plus apparente que réelle et retardera l'expression du potentiel agricole de ces pays. L'extension de la PAC inchangée aux PECO avant 2001 rendrait plus difficile le respect des engagements de l'UE au GATT, particulièrement en matière d'exportations subventionnées. Le coût supplémentaire de la PAC pourrait varier de 13 à 24 milliards d'écus selon les modalités et l'horizon d'intégration. Une intégration rapide mais partielle (Union douanière), et par suite nettement moins coûteuse, est recommandée, avec des ajustements complémentaires pour la PAC.

Suggested Citation

  • L.P. Mahé & J. Cordier & Hervé Guyomard & T.L. Roe, 1995. "L'agriculture et l'élargissement de l'Union européenne aux PECO : l'intégration, un atout pour la transition, une épreuve pour la PAC," Post-Print hal-02278978, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-02278978
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    References listed on IDEAS

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