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Réforme des retraites en France : évaluation de la mise en place d'un système par comptes notionnels

Author

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  • Xavier Chojnicki

    (EQUIPPE - Economie Quantitative, Intégration, Politiques Publiques et Econométrie - Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies - Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales - PRES Université Lille Nord de France - Université de Lille, Droit et Santé)

  • Riccardo Magnani

    (CEPN - Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord - UP13 - Université Paris 13 - USPC - Université Sorbonne Paris Cité - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Malgré plusieurs réformes d'importance depuis le milieu des années 90, la pérennité financière du système français de retraite n'est pas assurée et soulève de nombreuses questions quant à l'évolution du niveau des retraites. Ce système, qui est basé sur le principe de la répartition n'a pas été conçu pour absorber un choc démographique comme celui que va connaître la population française à l'horizon du demi-siècle à venir. En effet, l'allongement continu de la durée de vie induit, en l'absence de réformes, un accroissement de la période de retraite qui pèse sur l'équilibre du système. Le départ massif à la retraite des générations du baby-boom entre 2005 et 2030 diminue fortement, en outre, le rapport du nombre de cotisants par retraité. Après plusieurs réformes paramétriques est aujourd'hui évoquée une réforme structurelle du système, conservant le principe de la répartition mais en la réorganisant pour passer à un système par comptes notionnels. Dans ce système, les pensions de chaque individu sont calculées de façon à égaliser la valeur des cotisations qu'il a versées et la valeur des pensions qu'il va recevoir au cours de sa période de retraite. Une telle réforme pourrait également être l'occasion de rendre plus homogène un système où coexistent une multitude de caisses aux règles de fonctionnement différentes, en lui substituant un système dont la gestion serait plus simple et transparente. Elle permettrait aussi de prendre en compte automatiquement, dans le calcul des pensions, tout accroissement de l'espérance de vie et toute modification du rythme de croissance économique.

Suggested Citation

  • Xavier Chojnicki & Riccardo Magnani, 2012. "Réforme des retraites en France : évaluation de la mise en place d'un système par comptes notionnels," Post-Print hal-01362452, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01362452
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01362452
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Arrondel, Luc & Laferrere, Anne, 2001. "Taxation and wealth transmission in France," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(1), pages 3-33, January.
    2. Alan J. Auerbach & Ronald Lee, 2009. "Notional Defined Contribution Pension Systems in a Stochastic Context: Design and Stability," NBER Chapters, in: Social Security Policy in a Changing Environment, pages 43-68, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    3. Xavier Chojnicki & Riccardo Magnani, 2008. "Vieillissement, retraites et ouverture financiere en Europe : des reformes encore insuffisantes," Economie Internationale, CEPII research center, issue 113, pages 65-93.
    4. Auerbach, Alan J. & Lee, Ronald, 2011. "Welfare and generational equity in sustainable unfunded pension systems," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(1-2), pages 16-27, February.
    5. Antoine Bommier & Thierry Magnac & Muriel Roger, 2001. "Départs en retraite : évolutions récentes et modèles économiques," Revue Française d'Économie, Programme National Persée, vol. 16(1), pages 79-124.
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    Cited by:

    1. José Luis Iparraguirre, 2020. "Economics and Ageing," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-030-29019-1, November.
    2. Catherine Bac & Samia Benallah, 2016. "Glissement de la norme de contributivité au régime général d'assurance-vieillesse : une estimation des effets potentiels sur le niveau des pensions," Post-Print hal-02968979, HAL.

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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • C68 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Computable General Equilibrium Models

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