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Les modèles de taux de change

Author

Listed:
  • Antoine Bouveret

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Henri Sterdyniak

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

Abstract

La prévision de l'évolution du taux de change reste un point faible de l'analyse macroéconomique. Malgré leur cohérence théorique, les modèles macroéconomiques échouent à faire mieux que la marche au hasard. Les anticipations des marchés n'ont aucun pouvoir prédictif.La première partie de l'article discute les théories du taux de change réel d'équilibre (FEER, DEER, BEER et NATREX). Elles supposent que le taux de change réel assure l'équilibre extérieur, tandis que l'équilibre intérieur est assuré par la politique budgétaire ou l'équilibre du stock d'actif extérieur. Toutefois, elles n'explicitent pas la dynamique d'ajustement du taux de change. Leur utilité pour la prévision du taux de change, comme pour la coordination des politiques économiques, n'est pas assurée.La deuxième partie développe un modèle macroéconomique dynamique ; le taux de change de long terme assure l'équilibre externe ; la dynamique de moyen terme dépend des ajustements de la boucle prix-salaire et du stock d'actif extérieur ; le taux de change sur-réagit à court terme. Le long terme et la dynamique sont extrêmement sensibles aux choix de modélisation : contrôle de la masse monétaire ou fixation du taux d'intérêt ; modèle WS/PS ou Courbe de Phillips ; modèle de portefeuille ou patrimonial. Selon le cas, c'est le taux d'intérêt ou le stock d'actif étranger qui assure l'équilibre intérieur.La troisième partie introduit explicitement la spécification de la politique budgétaire. La stabilité macroéconomique requiert que le gouvernement tienne compte du niveau de la dette publique pour fixer le niveau du solde public. A long terme, le taux d'inflation d'équilibre dépend des politiques monétaire et budgétaire comme de la demande privée.Enfin, la quatrième partie présente un modèle avec hystérèse : comme elles endurent des coûts fixes d'entrée et de sortie, le nombre de firmes étrangères installées dans le marché local augmente (diminue) quand le taux de change est surévalué (sous-évalué). Une surévaluation temporaire du taux de change dégrade structurellement la compétitivité du pays concerné, de sorte que son taux de change d'équilibre de long terme et son niveau de production sont durablement plus faibles.

Suggested Citation

  • Antoine Bouveret & Henri Sterdyniak, 2005. "Les modèles de taux de change," Post-Print hal-01071965, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-01071965
    DOI: 10.3917/reof.093.0243
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-01071965v2
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    Cited by:

    1. Antoine Bouveret & Bruno Ducoudre, 2007. "On the Contingency of Equilibrium Exchange Rates with Time - Consistent Economic Policies," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-01066080, HAL.
    2. Rey, Serge, 2009. "L’apport du NATREX à la modélisation des taux de change d’équilibre : théorie et application au dollar canadien," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 85(2), pages 131-181, juin.
    3. Serge Rey, 2009. "Des insuffisances de la PPA à l’apport du NATREX : une revue critique des théories du taux de change réel d’équilibre," Working papers of CATT hal-01880363, HAL.
    4. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/5221 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/6125 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Bruno Ducoudre, 2008. "Structure par terme des taux d’intérêt et anticipations de la politique économique," Sciences Po publications info:hdl:2441/5221, Sciences Po.

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