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Les conflits de légitimité sous-jacents aux conflits d'usage

Author

Listed:
  • Patrice Garin

    (Department of Biochemistry - NUS - National University of Singapore)

  • A. Richard-Ferroudji

    (Department of Biochemistry - NUS - National University of Singapore)

Abstract

Les attentes multiples de la société vis-à-vis de l'eau ont suscité de longue date des dispositifs visant à préciser ce qu'il était légitime de faire avec l'eau. Mais ces besoins et les usages évoluent, suscitant des réticences de ceux qui se sentent affectés ou lésés par ces changements. Les conflits reflètent alors une mise à l'épreuve des dispositifs anciens de régulation des usages, avec deux types de questions : ce qui était défini comme légitime et juste de faire avec l'eau l'est il toujours ? Les personnes et entités impliquées dans l'élaboration et le fonctionnement de ces dispositifs sont ils légitimes à le faire ? L'approche de la justification proposée par L. Boltanski et L. Thévenot (1991) offre un moyen d'analyser comment la légitimité des usages est débattu selon différentes logiques. Chaque logique met en avant une conception de l'eau et du monde et un système de légitimité propre. Chaque personne, quel que soit l'intérêt qu'il défend et l'usage qu'il veut promouvoir, mobilise peu ou prou ses différentes logiques pour définir un ordre juste, justifiant ses actions et opinions et mettant à l'épreuve celles des autres. Le processus de légitimation collective d'une « nouvelle » gestion de l'eau et de ses usages nécessite une confrontation de ces ordonnancements. La légitimité des participants est questionnée autour de quatre enjeux : i) quelles qualifications du maître d'ouvrage du processus dans sa capacité à porter l'intérêt général et à piloter le processus ; ii) quelles justification de la délimitation de la population concernée, qui comprend le territoire de l'action et les intérêts pris en jeu ; iii) quelles qualifications des personnes appelés à participer, c'est-à-dire au nom de quoi sont ils présents, quelles compétences apportent-elles et iv) quels pouvoirs sont donnés aux participants. Par ailleurs, le pouvoir donné aux usagers dans la décision collective est mis en question étant donné leur intéressement et pose la question de leur place dans le dispositif de gestion. L'article propose une illustration de ces mises à l'épreuve sur le cas du bassin de la Lentilla, dans les Pyrénées Orientales. / Multiple societal needs and objectives have long been at the root of the debate over arrangements for legitimate uses of water. Furthermore, as these needs and uses evolve, those who feel affected or injured by these changes have become more reserved about these arrangements. The current conflicts therefore reflect a test for old regulatory arrangements of water uses, which lead to two types of questions: is was what was defined as legitimate and just still considered to be so? Are the people and entities involved in the development and operation of these arrangements legitimate to do so? The justification approach suggested by L. Boltanski and L. Thévenot (1991) offers a means of analysing how the legitimacy of uses can be discussed according to various logics. Each logic proposes a conception of water, the world and its own system of legitimacy. Each person, regardless of the interest he or she defends and the use which he or she wants to promote, mobilises to a greater or weaker extent these various logics to define a just order, justifying his or her actions and opinions and putting those of the others to the test. The process of collective legitimation of a new water management arrangement of uses requires a confrontation of these elements. The participants' legitimacy is questioned according to four issues: I) which qualifications does the process manager hold that will allow him or her to represent the general interest and to lead the process; II) What justifications are given for the delimitation around the population concerned, which includes the territory of actions and the interests taken into account; III) What qualifications are required of the people called to take part, i.e. in the name of what are they present, and which competences do they bring; and iv) What powers are given to the participants. The article proposes an illustration of these tests in the case of the basin of Lentilla, in the Pyrenees Orientales.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrice Garin & A. Richard-Ferroudji, 2008. "Les conflits de légitimité sous-jacents aux conflits d'usage," Post-Print hal-00454470, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00454470
    DOI: 10.1051/lhb:2008038
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-00454470
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