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Sistemas de patentes para fomentar la innovacion: lecciones de analisis economico

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  • David Encaoua

    (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement)

  • Dominique Guellec

    (OCDE - Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)

  • Martinez Catalina

    (ipp.csic - IPP - Instituto de politicas y Bienes Publicos - Centrode Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas)

Abstract

La teoría económica, al considerar que las patentes son instrumentos de política pública para fomentar la innovación y la difusión de la tecnología, conduce principalmente a tres conclusiones. En primer lugar, las patentes no tienen por qué ser siempre el medio de protección más eficaz para que los inventores recuperen sus inversiones en I+D, sobre todo cuando la imitación es costosa y ser el primero en lanzar un producto al mercado genera ganancias importantes. En segundo lugar, los requisitos de novedad y altura inventiva para la concesión de patentes deberían aplicarse de forma estricta para evitar que se concedan patentes para invenciones de escaso valor social, que sólo aumentan el coste social del sistema de patentes. En tercer lugar, los parámetros de longitud (duración legal) y amplitud (ámbito de protección) de las patentes podrían utilizarse para incentivar el desarrollo de invenciones con alto valor social. Más allá de estas tres implicaciones, la teoría económica aboga asimismo por enfocar la política de patentes desde el punto de vista del diseño de mecanismos de incentivos: un sistema de patentes óptimo podría basarse en un menú con diferentes grados de protección, donde una mayor protección implicaría tarifas más elevadas, y donde los inventores podrían elegir por sí mismos el nivel de protección que deseen, pagando la tarifa correspondiente.

Suggested Citation

  • David Encaoua & Dominique Guellec & Martinez Catalina, 2011. "Sistemas de patentes para fomentar la innovacion: lecciones de analisis economico," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00743037, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:cesptp:halshs-00743037
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00743037
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    References listed on IDEAS

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