IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/grt/wpegrt/2013-25.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Changements institutionnels et politiques publiques au Brésil\r\nAux sources de la réduction des inégalités sociales, de la pauvreté et des disparités régionales

Author

Listed:
  • Maria Cecilia J. LUSTOSA
  • Yves-André FAURE

Abstract

En tant qu’objet de l’économie politique, la distribution des revenus se reflète dans les inégalités économiques et sociales, que soit entre les pays ou entre les régions d’un même pays. La croissance économique des pays émergents lors des deux dernières décennies a attiré l’attention du monde, mais les inégalités de revenu sont toujours présentes et se sont même creusées en Russie, Chine et en Inde, sauf au Brésil. En dépit de cet aspect positif, les taux de croissance moyens du Produit Intérieur Brut (PIB) brésilien au cours des décennies 1990 et 2000 étaient plus faibles que dans d’autres pays émergents. On sait que le Brésil s’est longtemps distingué comme un pays à forte inégalité et qu’il s’est caractérisé par la persistance d’importantes couches de population et de vastes régions pauvres, voire misérables. Cependant la réduction des inégalités de revenu dans ce pays ne semble pas pouvoir être expliquée par la seule croissance du produit. Des changements institutionnels significatifs et de nouvelles politiques publiques mises en œuvre dès 1988 ont rendu possible cette réduction de la pauvreté et des inégalités. Notre étude a pour objectif de présenter et d’analyser l’ensemble de ces réorientions et de leurs effets sur la distribution du revenu et sur les inégalités entre les régions du pays. La stabilisation macroéconomique obtenue grâce à la mise en place du « Plan Real » qui a mis fin à la période d’hyperinflation, l’augmentation substantielle du salaire minimum réel et des retraites, l’accroissement des aides sociales et des transferts financiers constitutionnels entre les entités de la fédération ont pesamment contribué à la distribution plus juste et plus égalitaire des revenus. Ainsi l’État joue un rôle significatif dans ces nouvelles politiques d’inclusion sociale. Mais la dynamisation des appareils productifs locaux et l’insertion des populations dans le marché du travail ne sont pas encore au rendez-vous ce qui limite clairement les impacts durables de la lutte contre les inégalités tant sociales que spatiales et n’efface pas le caractère encore nettement assistancialiste des transferts directs de revenus aux personnes et aux familles.

Suggested Citation

  • Maria Cecilia J. LUSTOSA & Yves-André FAURE, 2013. "Changements institutionnels et politiques publiques au Brésil\r\nAux sources de la réduction des inégalités sociales, de la pauvreté et des disparités régionales," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019) 2013-25, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA).
  • Handle: RePEc:grt:wpegrt:2013-25
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://cahiersdugretha.u-bordeaux.fr/2013/2013-25.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marie Daumal, 2013. "The Impact of Trade Openness on Regional Inequality: The Cases of India and Brazil," The International Trade Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(3), pages 243-280, August.
    2. Beate Muck & Renate Prasch & Monika Schwarzhappel, . "wiiw Handbook of Statistics 2010: Central, East and Southeast Europe," Books, The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw, number 2010, March.
    3. Nina Machado Yano & Sérgio Marley Modesto Monteiro, 2008. "Mudanças institucionais na década de 1990 e seus efeitos sobre a produtividade total dos fatores," Anais do XXXVI Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 36th Brazilian Economics Meeting] 200807211610100, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Eric ROUGIER & François COMBARNOUS & Yves-André FAURE, 2017. "The ‘local economy’ effect of social transfers: A municipality-level analysis of the local growth impact of the Bolsa Familia Programme in the Brazilian Nordeste," Cahiers du GREThA (2007-2019) 2017-09, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (GREThA).
    2. Matthieu Clément & Yves-André Faure & Jean-Philippe Berrou & François Combarnous & Dominique Darbon & Eric Rougier, 2018. "Anatomie de la classe moyenne brésilienne : identification, caractérisation et implications pour les politiques publiques," Working Papers hal-02147850, HAL.
    3. Jean-Philippe Berrou & Matthieu Clément & François Combarnous & Dominique Darbon & Yves-André Faure & Eric Rougier, 2019. "L’essor des classes moyennes dans les pays en développement et émergents : une étude comparative des enjeux d’identification, de caractérisation et de politiques publiques," Working Papers hal-02147531, HAL.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Boniface Ngah EPO & Jules Médard NANA DJOMO & Mark Wiykiynyuy TANGWA & Éric Dieudonné OBAMA OBAMA, 2023. "Threshold effect of banking on income inequalities in developing countries: the importance of mobile money," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 23/073, African Governance and Development Institute..
    2. Kazuhiro Kumo & Alexandra Koval & Irina Korgun & Olga Trofimenko, 2018. "Foreign Trade and Regional Inequality:The Case of the Russian Federation," Economy of region, Centre for Economic Security, Institute of Economics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, vol. 1(3), pages 884-895.
    3. Khan, Muhammad Aamir & Walmsley, Terrie & Mukhopadhyay, Kakali, 2021. "Trade liberalization and income inequality: The case for Pakistan," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    4. Naranpanawa, Athula & Arora, Rashmi, 2014. "Does Trade Liberalization Promote Regional Disparities? Evidence from a Multiregional CGE Model of India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 339-349.
    5. Ahmed, Azleen Rosemy & Masih, Mansur, 2017. "What is the link between financial development and income inequality? evidence from Malaysia," MPRA Paper 79416, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Takashi Kamihigashi & Yosuke Sasaki, 2022. "The Impact of Multi-Factor Productivity on Income Inequality," Discussion Paper Series DP2022-31, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University.
    7. Namrata Gulati & Abhimanyu Dadu, 2014. "Inequality, Neighbourhoods and Variation in Prices," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 34(3), pages 1463-1484.
    8. Hajer Kratou & Mohamed Goaied, 2016. "How Can Globalization Affect Income Distribution? Evidence from Developing Countries," The International Trade Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(2), pages 132-158, March.
    9. Munem Ahmad Chowdhury & Hafsa Rahman Nijhum & Kazi Mohammed Kamal Uddin, 2021. "Disintegrated Impact of Trade Openness on Income Inequality: Empirical Evidence from Bangladesh," Business and Economic Research, Macrothink Institute, vol. 11(3), pages 1-18, December.
    10. de Moraes, Claudio Oliveira & Roquete, Raphael Moses & Gawryszewski, Gustavo, 2023. "Who needs cash? Digital finance and income inequality," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 84-93.
    11. Carolina Guevara, 2015. "The effect of trade on agglomeration within regions," Working Papers halshs-01233389, HAL.
    12. Abhimanyu Dadu & Namrata Gulati, 2014. "Inequality, neighborhoods and variation in prices," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2014-001, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    13. Huang, Kaixing & Yan, Wenshou & Sim, Nicholas & Guo, Yuqing & Xie, Fang, 2022. "Can trade explain the rising trends in income inequality? Insights from 40 years of empirical studies," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    14. G. C. Lim & Paul D. McNelis, 2014. "Income Inequality, Trade and Financial Openness," Melbourne Institute Working Paper Series wp2014n07, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, The University of Melbourne.
    15. Grace Carolina GUEVARA-ROSERO, 2017. "The Effect of Trade on Agglomeration within Regions," Journal for Economic Forecasting, Institute for Economic Forecasting, vol. 0(1), pages 75-97, March.
    16. Boniface Ngah EPO & Jules Médard NANA DJOMO & Mark Wiykiynyuy TANGWA & Éric Dieudonné OBAMA OBAMA, 2023. "Threshold effect of banking on income inequalities in developing countries: the importance of mobile money," Working Papers 23/073, European Xtramile Centre of African Studies (EXCAS).
    17. Koh, Sharon G. M. & Lee, Grace H. Y. & Siah, Audrey K. L., 2022. "The Resurgence of Income Inequality in Asia-Pacific: The Role of Trade Openness, Educational Attainment and Institutional Quality," Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, Faculty of Economics and Business, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, vol. 56(3), pages 11-27.
    18. Natalya Yuryevna Sopilko & Natalia Anatolyevna Navrotskaia & Olga Yuryevna Myasnikova & Nataliya Vital evna Bondarchuk, 2020. "Potential and Development Prospects Assessment of Electric Power Integration of the Eurasian Economic Union Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(3), pages 37-44.
    19. Nazarczuk Jarosław M. & Umiński Stanisław, 2018. "The geography of openness to foreign trade in Poland: The role of special economic zones and foreign-owned entities," Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, Sciendo, vol. 39(39), pages 97-111, March.
    20. Naranpanawa, Athula & Arora, Rashmi, 2012. "Trade Liberalisation and Regional Disparities: Evidence from a Multi-Regional General Equilibrium Model of India," Conference papers 332270, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    pays émergents; Brésil; croissance; politique publique; inégalités;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E61 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs
    • O54 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Latin America; Caribbean

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:grt:wpegrt:2013-25. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Ernest Miguelez (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ifredfr.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.