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Interactions Between Monetary and Fiscal Policy under Flexible Exchange Rates

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Author Info
Campbell Leith
Simon Wren-Lewis

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Abstract

The potential importance of fiscal policy in influencing inflation has recently been highlighted, following Woodford (1995), under the heading of the ‘Fiscal Theory of the Price Level’ (FTPL). Applications of this theory to open economies operating under flexible exchange rates has suggested that, in contrast to the closed economy FTPL, insolvent fiscal policy may lead to indeterminacy of price levels and nominal exchange rates. In this paper, we relax the assumptions underpinning the FTPL by developing a two country open economy model, where each country has overlapping generations of non-Ricardian consumers who supply labour to imperfectly competitive firms which can only change their prices infrequently. We examine the case where the two countries have independent monetary and fiscal policies. We show that the fiscal response required to ensure stability of the real debt stock, and allow each country to operate an ‘active’ inflation-targeting monetary policy is greater when consumers are not infinitely lived. One monetary authority can abandon its active targeting of inflation to stabilise the debt of another fiscal authority, and there is no requirement that these policy makers operate in the same economy. Finally, in a series of simulations we show that fiscal shocks have limited impact on output and inflation provided the fiscal authorities meet the (weak) requirements of fiscal solvency. However, when one or more monetary authority is forced to abandon its active targeting of inflation, then fiscal shocks have a much greater impact on both output and inflation.

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Paper provided by Department of Economics, University of Glasgow in its series Working Papers with number 2002_11.

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Handle: RePEc:gla:glaewp:2002_11

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Related research
Keywords: Monetary Policy; Fiscal Policy; New Open Economy Macroeconomics; Fiscal Theory of the Price Level;

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This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports: References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
  1. Julio J. Rotemberg & Michael Woodford, 1998. "An Optimization-Based Econometric Framework for the Evaluation of Monetary Policy: Expanded Version," NBER Technical Working Papers 0233, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  2. Obstfeld, Maurice & Rogoff, Kenneth, 1995. "Exchange Rate Dynamics Redux," CEPR Discussion Papers 1131, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  3. Gali, Jordi, 1994. "Government size and macroeconomic stability," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 117-132, January. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  4. Woodford, Michael, 2001. "Fiscal Requirements for Price Stability," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 33(3), pages 669-728, August.
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  5. Campbell Leith & Simon Wren-Lewis, 2002. "Taylor Rules in the Open Economy," Working Papers 2002_14, Department of Economics, University of Glasgow. [Downloadable!]
  6. Bergin, Paul R., 2000. "Fiscal solvency and price level determination in a monetary union," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 37-53, February. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  7. Dupor, Bill, 2000. "Exchange rates and the fiscal theory of the price level," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(3), pages 613-630, June. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  8. Daniel, Betty C., 2001. "The fiscal theory of the price level in an open economy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(2), pages 293-308, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  9. Taylor, John B., 1993. "Discretion versus policy rules in practice," Carnegie-Rochester Conference Series on Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 195-214, December. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  10. C.A. Sims, 1999. "The Precarious Fiscal Foundations of EMU," DNB Staff Reports (discontinued) 34, Netherlands Central Bank. [Downloadable!]
  11. Michael Woodford, 1995. "Price Level Determinacy Without Control of a Monetary Aggregate," NBER Working Papers 5204, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  12. Gali, Jordi & Gertler, Mark & Lopez-Salido, J. David, 2001. "European inflation dynamics," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 45(7), pages 1237-1270. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  13. Michael Woodford, 1996. "Control of the Public Debt: A Requirement for Price Stability?," NBER Working Papers 5684, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  14. Canzoneri, Matthew B & Cumby, Robert & Diba, Behzad, 1998. "Is the Price Level Determined by the Needs of Fiscal Solvency?," CEPR Discussion Papers 1772, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  15. Lawrence J. Christiano & Terry J. Fitzgerald, 2000. "Understanding the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level," NBER Working Papers 7668, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
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  16. Leith, Campbell & Wren-Lewis, Simon, 2000. "Interactions between Monetary and Fiscal Policy Rules," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 110(462), pages C93-108, March. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  17. Canzoneri, Matthew B & Cumby, Robert E & Diba, Behzad T, 2001. "Fiscal Discipline and Exchange Rate Systems," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 111(474), pages 667-90, October. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  18. Campbell leith & Jim Malley, 2002. "Estimated General Equilibrium Models for the Evaluation of Monetary Policy in the US and Europe," Working Papers 2001_16, Department of Economics, University of Glasgow. [Downloadable!]
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  19. Campbell leith & Simon Wren-Lewis, . "Compatibility Between Monetary and Fiscal Policy Under EMU," Working Papers 2001_15, Department of Economics, University of Glasgow. [Downloadable!]
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Full references

Cited by:
(explanations, Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.)

  1. Campbell Leith & Simon Wren-Lewis, 2002. "Taylor Rules in the Open Economy," Working Papers 2002_14, Department of Economics, University of Glasgow. [Downloadable!]
  2. Railavo, Jukka, 2003. "Effects of the supply-side channel on stabilisation properties of policy rules," Research Discussion Papers 34/2003, Bank of Finland. [Downloadable!]
  3. Herings P. Jean-Jacques & Peeters Ronald & Yang Michael S., 2009. "Piracy on the internet: Accommodate it or fight it? A dynamic approach," Research Memoranda 034, Maastricht : METEOR, Maastricht Research School of Economics of Technology and Organization. [Downloadable!]
  4. Jukka Railavo, 2004. "Stability consequences of fiscal policy rules," Macroeconomics 0404020, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
  5. Eleni Iliopulos & Marcus Miller, 2007. "UK External Imbalances and the Sterling: Are they on a Sustainable Path?," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 18(5), pages 539-557, November. [Downloadable!] (restricted)
  6. Jukka Railavo, 2004. "Effects of the supply-side channel on stabilisation properties of policy rules," Macroeconomics 0404028, EconWPA. [Downloadable!]
  7. Railavo , Jukka, 2004. "Stability consequences of fiscal policy rules," Research Discussion Papers 1/2004, Bank of Finland. [Downloadable!]
  8. Peter CLAEYS, 2004. "Monetary and budgetary policy interaction: an SVAR analysis of stabilisation policies in monetary union," Economics Working Papers ECO2004/22, European University Institute. [Downloadable!]
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