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Efficiency and distribution in contract farming: the case of Indian poultry growers

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  • Ramaswami, Bharat
  • Birthal, Pratap Singh
  • Joshi, P.K.

Abstract

"This paper is an empirical analysis of the gains from contract farming in the case of poultry production in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. The paper finds that contract production is more efficient than noncontract production. The efficiency surplus is largely appropriated by the processor. Despite this, contract growers still gain appreciably from contracting in terms of lower risk and higher expected returns. Improved technology and production practices as well as the way in which the processor selects growers are what make these outcomes possible. In terms of observed and unobserved characteristics, contract growers have relatively poor prospects as independent growers. With contract production, these growers achieve incomes comparable to that of independent growers." Authors' Abstract

Suggested Citation

  • Ramaswami, Bharat & Birthal, Pratap Singh & Joshi, P.K., 2006. "Efficiency and distribution in contract farming: the case of Indian poultry growers," MTID discussion papers 91, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    • Handle: RePEc:fpr:mtiddp:91
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    Cited by:

    1. Birthal, Pratap S. & Jha, Awadhesh K. & Tiongco, Marites M. & Narrod, Clare A., 2009. "Farm-Level Impacts of Vertical Coordination of the Food Supply Chain: Evidence from Contract Farming of Milk in India," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 64(3), pages 1-16.
    2. Braja Bandhu Swain, 2012. "Determinants of Farmers’ Participation in Contract Farming: The Cases of Gherkin and Paddy Seed in Andhra Pradesh, India," Millennial Asia, , vol. 3(2), pages 169-185, July.
    3. Chang, Ching-Cheng & Chen, Chi-Chung & Tseng, Wei-Chun & Hu, Wu-Yueh, "undated". "Estimating the Profit Efficiency of Contract and Non-Contract Rice Farms in Taiwan -- A Meta-Frontier and A Cross-Frontier Appraoch Applications," 2015 AAEA & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting, July 26-28, San Francisco, California 205445, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    4. BEHERA, Deepak Kumar & SWAIN, Braja Bandhu, 2021. "Coperative-Led Contract Farming On Farm Productivity In India," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 21(1), pages 49-58.
    5. Saigenji, Yoshiko & Zeller, Manfred, 2009. "Effect of contract farming on productivity and income of small holders: The case of tea production in north-western Vietnam," 2009 Conference, August 16-22, 2009, Beijing, China 51681, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    6. Marco Ferroni & Yuan Zhou, 2012. "Achievements and Challenges in Agricultural Extension in India," Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies, Emerging Markets Forum, vol. 4(3), pages 319-346, September.
    7. Dedehouanou, Sènakpon F. A., 2014. "Diversification towards high value export production, farm household productivity and efficiency in Senegal," Conference papers 332432, Purdue University, Center for Global Trade Analysis, Global Trade Analysis Project.
    8. Birthal, Pratap Singh & Jha, Awadhesh K. & Singh, Harvinder, 2007. "Linking Farmers to Markets for High-Value Agricultural Commodities," Agricultural Economics Research Review, Agricultural Economics Research Association (India), vol. 20(Conferenc).
    9. Ashish Aman Sinha & Hari Charan Behera & Ajit Kumar Behura & Braja Bandhu Swain, 2021. "Land Allocation Choice in Both Contract and Non-Contract Farming: A Study of Potato Growers in West Bengal, India," SAGE Open, , vol. 11(3), pages 21582440211, September.
    10. Viet Hoang, 2021. "Impact of Contract Farming on Farmers’ Income in the Food Value Chain: A Theoretical Analysis and Empirical Study in Vietnam," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-16, August.
    11. Birthal, Pratap S., 2008. "Linking Smallholder Livestock Producers to Markets: Issues and Approaches," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 63(1), pages 1-19.
    12. Mehta, Rajesh & Narrod, Clare & Tiongco, Marites, 2008. "Livestock industrialization, trade and social-health-environment impacts in developing countries: a case of Indian poultry sector," MPRA Paper 32678, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    13. Roy, Devesh & Thorat, Amit, 2008. "Success in High Value Horticultural Export Markets for the Small Farmers: The Case of Mahagrapes in India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 1874-1890, October.
    14. Henningsen, Arne & Mpeta, Daniel F. & Adem, Anwar S. & Kuzilwa, Joseph A. & Czekaj, Tomasz G., 2015. "The Effects of Contract Farming on Efficiency and Productivity of Small-Scare Sunflower Farmers in Tanzania," 2015 Conference, August 9-14, 2015, Milan, Italy 212478, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    15. Pandit, Arun & Pandey, N.K. & Rana, Rajesh K. & Lal, Barsati, 2009. "An Empirical Study of Gains from Potato Contract Farming," Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Indian Society of Agricultural Economics, vol. 64(3), pages 1-12.
    16. Tharakan, Joe & Lefèvre, Mélanie, 2011. "Intermediaries, transport costs and interlinked transactions," CEPR Discussion Papers 8615, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    17. Birthal, Pratap S. & Jha, Awadhesh K. & Tiongco, Marites & Narrod, Clare, 2008. "Improving farm-to-market linkages through contract farming: A case study of smallholder dairying in India," IFPRI discussion papers 814, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    18. Le Ngoc, H., 2018. "Contract farming effects on technical efficiency of the export-oriented rice production sector in Vietnam," 2018 Conference, July 28-August 2, 2018, Vancouver, British Columbia 277409, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    19. Thomas Kopp & Ashok K. Mishra, 2022. "Perishability and market power in Nepalese food crop production," Journal of Agricultural Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 73(2), pages 518-540, June.
    20. Sudha Narayanan, 2012. "Safe gambles? Farmer perceptions of transactional certainty and risk-return tradeoffs in contract farming schemes in Southern India," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2012-021, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    21. Krishna, Vijesh V. & Erenstein, Olaf & Sadashivappa, Prakash & Vivek, B. S., 2014. "Potential Economic Impact of Biofortified Maize in the Indian Poultry Sector," International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, vol. 17(4), pages 1-30, November.
    22. Mishra, Ashok K. & Kumar, Anjani & Joshi, Pramod K. & D'Souza, Alwin & Tripathi, Gaurav, 2018. "How can organic rice be a boon to smallholders? Evidence from contract farming in India," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 147-157.
    23. Soullier, Guillaume & Moustier, Paule, 2018. "Impacts of contract farming in domestic grain chains on farmer income and food insecurity. Contrasted evidence from Senegal," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 179-198.
    24. Kumar, Anjani & Mishra, Ashok K. & Saroj, Sunil & Joshi, P.K., 2019. "Impact of traditional versus modern dairy value chains on food security: Evidence from India’s dairy sector," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 260-270.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Contract farming; Poultry; Vertical integration;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L23 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Organization of Production
    • L24 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Contracting Out; Joint Ventures
    • Q13 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Agricultural Markets and Marketing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness

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