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Monitoring systems for managing natural resources: economics, indicators and environmental externalities in a Costa Rican watershed

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  • Peter Hazell
  • Chakravorty, Ujjayant
  • Dixon, John
  • Celis, Rafael

Abstract

The worsening degradation of natural resources urgently requires the adoption of more sustainable management practices. This need has led to growing interest and investment in monitoring systems for tracking the condition of natural resources. This study is concerned with the design of monitoring systems that have direct relevance for the management of natural resources. We call these Policy Relevant Monitoring Systems (PRMS). Such systems have several key characteristics. They provide: a) a decision framework for selecting resource problems to monitor that offer potentially large social payoffs relative to the costs of monitoring, b) timely, including early warning information on emerging problems, c) a means of identifying the causes of an emerging problem, d) an analytical framework for identifying options for corrective action, e) an institutional framework for achieving ownership among key stakeholders (the resource users and those affected by the resource use) and agreement about emerging problems, the corrective actions to take, and effective implementation, and f) a built-in mechanism for learning from past experience to improve the performance of the monitoring system over time. The approach is developed and illustrated through detailed examination of the Arenal-Tempisque watershed in Costa Rica. This watershed exhibits classic multiple user and externality problems: deforestation by dairy and cattle farmers in the upper watershed leads to soil erosion and siltation of the various reservoirs that feed an important hydro-electric power generation system, and agro-chemical use by irrigated farmers has adverse impacts on a highly valued wetlands park and on wildlife and fishing in the lower reaches of the watershed.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Hazell & Chakravorty, Ujjayant & Dixon, John & Celis, Rafael, 2001. "Monitoring systems for managing natural resources: economics, indicators and environmental externalities in a Costa Rican watershed," EPTD discussion papers 73, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    • Handle: RePEc:fpr:eptddp:73
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    1. Cai, Ximing & Ringler, Claudia & Rosegrant, Mark W., 2001. "Does efficient water management matter?: physical and economic efficiency of water use in the river basin," EPTD discussion papers 72, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    2. Ito, Shoichi & Rosegrant, Mark W. & Agcaoili-Sombilla, Mercedita C., 1995. "Quality-equivalent and cost adjusted measurement of international competitiveness in Japanese rice markets:," EPTD discussion papers 12, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    3. Fan, Shenggen & Hazell, P. B. R. & Thorat, Sukhadeo, 1998. "Government spending, growth and poverty: an analysis of interlinkages in rural India," EPTD discussion papers 33, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
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    2. Linacre, Nicholas & Falck-Zepeda, José & Komen, John & MacLaren, Donald, 2006. "Risk assessment and management of genetically modified organisms under Australia's Gene Technology Act:," EPTD discussion papers 157, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    3. Montazar, Aliasghar & Gheidari, Omid Nasiri & Snyder, Richard L., 2013. "A fuzzy analytical hierarchy methodology for the performance assessment of irrigation projects," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 113-123.
    4. Pardey, Philip G. & Alston, Julian M. & Chan-Kang, Connie & Magalhães, Eduardo C. & Vosti, Stephen A., 2002. "Assessing and attributing the benefits from varietal improvement research: evidence from Embrapa, Brazil," EPTD discussion papers 95, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    5. Gruère, Guillaume & Giuliani, Alessandra & Smale, Melinda, 2006. "Marketing underutilized plant species for the benefit of the poor: a conceptual framework," EPTD discussion papers 154, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    6. Di Falco, Salvatore & Chavas, Jean-Paul & Smale, Melinda, 2006. "Farmer management of production risk on degraded lands: the role of wheat genetic diversity in Tigray Region, Ethiopia," EPTD discussion papers 153, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    7. Smale, Melinda & Zambrano, Patricia & Falck-Zepeda, José & Gruère, Guillaume, 2006. "Parables: applied economics literature about the impact of genetically engineered crop varieties in developing economies," EPTD discussion papers 158, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).

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